Creating a new ski jump complex

Author:Beate Wesenigk

无论是在世界滑雪锦标赛，四山锦标赛还是阿尔卑斯山世界滑雪杯中，在德国巴伐利亚州奥伯斯特多夫的Schattenberg滑雪跳跃都是每年国际滑雪跳跃比赛的主要场所。计划在2021年在奥伯斯特多夫举行的第53届北欧世界滑雪锦标赛计划进行翻新和新的构建工作。这将包括一个新的“ Einkehr”跳跃综合体，以“ Einkehr-schwung”命名，这是面临体育馆的现有烹饪机构。Ing-Geovision创建了一个数字地形模型（DTM），作为计划过程的一部分。

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滑雪在沙滕伯格上跳跃

1909年，第一个滑雪舞台建于德国Allgäu阿尔卑斯山的Oberstdorf附近。经过一些最初的怀疑，这项运动充满热情。在第一年，布鲁诺·比尔勒（Bruno Biehler）将纪录的跃升为22米，以推动该设施的范围。1920年代初制定了新的跳跃计划。

The new Schattenberg ski jump was used for the first time on 27 December 1925 – it is now 93 years old. The jumps and surrounding terrain have been modified and expanded repeatedly over the years. To improve the ski jump track for the 53rd Nordic World Ski Championships in 2021, the facility will be refurbished.

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挑战：区域规模，可及性和自我实现的目标

German surveying company ing-Geovision received the task to创建一个DTM作为滑雪跳复合计划的可靠基础。该公司面临着几个挑战：

1. 要记录的区域的大小 - 约270,000平方米。
2. 此外，丘陵，林区的某些区域非常困难，无法使用陆地测量设备到达。
3. 仅在一天之内捕获所有数据的自我实现的目标。

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一天内测量38个高山足球场

三人的测量团队早早从Traunreut到德国的Oberstdorf出发，完美地准备了不同的测量设备。

Step 1: The control point field

The foundation for the survey of the terrain was measured with the Leica GS16 Smart Antenna formed from an existing six-point control field.GS16智能天线最大程度地减少了带山谷和树林的山区问题，为GNSS调查遮蔽了卫星接收。

步骤2：测量控制点，轮廓和河岸

在确定控制点场时，扫描和飞行的控制点的目标是用Leica TS16总站设置的。TS16还用于测量木材的轮廓。总共产生了此方法900个单个点几乎完全在陡峭的地形上测量。

步骤3：激光扫描和全景照片

Leica Scanstation P40用36个角度来扫描该区域。全面扫描resolution of 3x3 milimetres记录了10 m。

“The P40 ScanStation took just3.5分钟per standpointand has the added advantage that the black/white target points are available in the office. The result was a very dense point cloud made up of a total of 2,036,358,871 individual points. Full-HDR 360° spherical images were also recorded at each scan in a matter of seconds. The pictures can be read by the Leica Cyclone laser scanning software without any further processing and used for registering and processing the data,”Ing-Geovision测量主管Richard Steiglechner说。

Step 4: Fly over

为了更好地调查广阔区域，并能够使用其他方法记录无法达到的部分，使用Leica Geosystems无人驾驶飞机（UAV）进行了飞行。在UAV支持之前，生成了飞行计划automated GNSS supported fly over发生了，覆盖了所有倾斜的地形以及任何障碍物，例如跳高塔。该软件根据飞行高度，障碍物和使用Bing地图的准确性计算了所需飞行路径的航路点。一系列643架航空照片were taken using the attached camera in the UAV.

也是受过训练的登山者的三个ggovision“白羊座”捕获了一天内超过4,000的数据在270,000平方米的时间内并在黎明前存放乐器。

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Prepare the measurement data from the sensors

调查控制和个人分the GS16 and the TS16 were loaded by the experts into the national coordinate system via an ASCII file. The scan data from the P40 and the MS50 were later entered into the Leica Cyclone scanning software for registration. Additional options were selected for importing, such as filtering the point cloud to消除不必要的错误点。

“旋风的复杂过滤技术和扫描仪的脉冲测量技术的组合使消除所谓的混合像素成为可能，即发生的朦胧点EN激光束在边缘和下面的表面上分开。” Steiglechner说。

Ing-Geovision专家可以自动将球形360°图像与点云和真实颜色相结合，并使用旋风中的“固定”选项分配给每个扫描点的真实颜色transform the point clouds from each position into an overall coordinates systemusing target marks, cloud constraints (point clouds with identical geometry in the overlapping sections between two scans) and point standards.

“The target marks were collected directly in Cyclone. Identical cloud constraints, or sections, are automatically found by the 3D point cloud processing software. We could use a viewer to assist us in case of doubt,”Ing-Geovision工程测量主管Stefan Nawrat说。

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结果：非常适合的数字地形模型

Once the data from the individual sensors was edited, all the individual points and the point clouds from the fly over were imported into Cyclone to join the already registered point clouds from the P40 and MS50 scans. All the points from five different surveying instruments were now combined in one software. Then, a visual check was made of the positional accuracy of the point clouds by cutting through the point clouds.

由21.5亿点组成的收集点云出口为leica射击项目，因此可以在任何地方进一步使用并访问点云。

“这种方法减少了处理时间和错误的风险，因为数据不需要不断地向后复制，并且可以确保在不同程序中的所有进一步处理阶段都可以使用完全相同的准确信息，无论是AutoCAD，Microstation，Microstation，Microstation，Microstation，3D RESHABER或AUTODESK REVIT，” said Bernd Hafensteiner, managing director of ing-Geovision.

为了在CAD程序中绘制滑雪跳跃复合物，在Leica CloudWorx Point Cloind Cloud插件的协助下共享了开放的Jetstream Point Cloud，从而简化了基于点云的缺陷绘制。

The DTM was created with 3D Reshaper, a software systemfor creating terrain contours and extracting ground and break lines。

“3D Reshaper清除点云，并创建一个仅包含地面点的点云组，仅在仅30秒内。它的全面设置保证了我们团队的精确结果，”Markus Prechtl，Ing-Geovision的测量航班负责人。

The DTM created in 3D Reshaper was transferred to the contractor as a DXF file. To give contractors access to the point clouds in a browser, an additional password protected area on the company's Leica TruView Enterprise server was set up.

To plan the new "Einkehr” jump in the Audi Arena in Oberstdorf, only a precise point cloud and a comprehensive DTM would do. Using Leica Geosystems’ technology, the ing-Geovision team provided the best foundation for the next 93 years and beyond of ski jumping on the Schattenberg ski jump arena.