创建新的滑雪跳跃综合体

作者：Beate Wesenigk

Whether for the World Ski Championships, the Four Hills Tournament or the Alpine World Ski Cup, the Schattenberg ski jump in Oberstdorf in Bavaria, Germany, is the main venue for international ski jumping competitions each year. Refurbishment and new build work is being planned for the 53rd Nordic World Ski Championships in Oberstdorf in 2021. This will include a new "Einkehr" jump complex, named after the "Einkehr-Schwung", the existing culinary establishment facing the arena. ing-Geovision has created a digital terrain model (DTM) as part of the planning process.

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Ski jumping on Schattenberg

1909年，第一个滑雪舞台建于德国Allgäu阿尔卑斯山的Oberstdorf附近。经过一些最初的怀疑，这项运动充满热情。在第一年，布鲁诺·比尔勒（Bruno Biehler）将纪录的跃升为22米，以推动该设施的范围。1920年代初制定了新的跳跃计划。

The new Schattenberg ski jump was used for the first time on 27 December 1925 – it is now 93 years old. The jumps and surrounding terrain have been modified and expanded repeatedly over the years. To improve the ski jump track for the 53rd Nordic World Ski Championships in 2021, the facility will be refurbished.

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挑战：区域规模，可及性和自我实现的目标

德语surveying company ing-Geovision received the task to创建一个DTM作为滑雪跳复合计划的可靠基础。该公司面临着几个挑战：

1. 要记录的区域的大小 - 约270,000平方米。
2. Some areas of the hilly, wooded areas are, in addition, very difficult to access and cannot be reached with terrestrial surveying equipment.
3. 仅在一天之内捕获所有数据的自我实现的目标。

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一天内测量38个高山足球场

The three-person surveying team set off early from Traunreut to Oberstdorf in Germany perfectly prepared with different surveying equipment.

步骤1：控制点字段

通过现有的六点控制场形成的Leica GS16智能天线测量了地形调查的基础。GS16智能天线最大程度地减少了带山谷和树林的山区问题, which shadowed satellite reception for the GNSS survey.

步骤2：测量控制点，轮廓和河岸

While the control point field was being determined, the targets for the scanning and the control points for the fly over were being set with the Leica TS16 total station. The TS16 was also used in surveying the profile of the wood. In total, this method produced900个单个点几乎完全在陡峭的地形上测量.

步骤3：激光扫描和全景照片

The Leica ScanStation P40 was used to scan the area with 36 standpoints. All round scans with a3x3 milimetres的分辨率at 10 m were recorded.

“ P40扫描仪仅次于3.5分钟每个角度并具有额外的优势，即在办公室可以使用黑色/白色目标点。结果是一个非常密集的点云由总计2,036,358,871个单个点组成。在几秒钟内，在每次扫描时也记录了全HDR 360°球形图像。图片可以通过Leica Cyclone激光扫描软件阅读，无需进行任何进一步处理，用于注册和处理数据，”said Richard Steiglechner, head of surveying for ing-Geovision.

步骤4：飞过

为了更好地调查广阔区域，并能够使用其他方法记录无法达到的部分，使用Leica Geosystems无人驾驶飞机（UAV）进行了飞行。在UAV支持之前，生成了飞行计划automated GNSS supported fly over发生了，覆盖了所有倾斜的地形以及任何障碍物，例如跳高塔。该软件根据飞行高度，障碍物和使用Bing地图的准确性计算了所需飞行路径的航路点。一系列643 aerial photographswere taken using the attached camera in the UAV.

The three ing-Geovision"aries", who are also trained mountaineers, captured the一天内超过4,000的数据在270,000平方米的时间内并在黎明前存放乐器。

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从传感器准备测量数据

The surveyed control and individual points from the GS16 and the TS16 were loaded by the experts into the national coordinate system via an ASCII file. The scan data from the P40 and the MS50 were later entered into the Leica Cyclone scanning software for registration. Additional options were selected for importing, such as filtering the point cloud to消除不必要的错误点.

“旋风的复杂过滤技术和扫描仪的脉冲测量技术的组合使消除所谓的混合像素成为可能，即发生的朦胧点EN激光束在边缘和下面的表面上分开。” Steiglechner说。

Ing-Geovision专家可以自动将球形360°图像与点云和真实颜色相结合，并使用旋风中的“固定”选项分配给每个扫描点的真实颜色将点云从每个位置转换为整体坐标系统using target marks, cloud constraints (point clouds with identical geometry in the overlapping sections between two scans) and point standards.

“The target marks were collected directly in Cyclone. Identical cloud constraints, or sections, are automatically found by the 3D point cloud processing software. We could use a viewer to assist us in case of doubt,”主管Stefan Nawrat说engineering surveying for ing-Geovision.

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结果：非常适合的数字地形模型

一旦编辑了来自单个传感器的数据，将所有单个点和飞过的点云导入到旋风中，以加入P40和MS50扫描中已经注册的点云。现在，将五种不同测量工具的所有要点合并为一个软件。然后，通过切割点云来对点云的位置精度进行视觉检查。

The collected point clouds consisting of 2.15 billion points was exported as a Leica JetStream project so the point cloud could be further used and accessed anywhere.

“This approach reduces processing time and the risk of errors as the data does not need to be constantly copied backwards and forwards and it ensures that exactly the same accurate information is available for all further processing stages in different programmes, be that AutoCAD, MicroStation, 3D Reshaper or Autodesk Revit,Ing-Geovision董事总经理Bernd Hafensteiner说。

为了在CAD程序中绘制滑雪跳跃复合物，在Leica CloudWorx Point Cloind Cloud插件的协助下共享了开放的Jetstream Point Cloud，从而简化了基于点云的缺陷绘制。

DTM是使用3D Reshaper（软件系统）创建的用于创建地形轮廓，提取地面和断线.

“3D Reshaper清除点云，并创建一个仅包含地面点的点云组，仅在仅30秒内。它的全面设置保证了我们团队的精确结果，”Markus Prechtl, head of surveying flights for ing-Geovision.

在3D Reshaper中创建的DTM作为DXF文件转移到承包商。为了使承包商访问浏览器中的点云，设置了公司Leica Truview Enterprise Server上的附加密码保护区域。

To plan the new "Einkehr” jump in the Audi Arena in Oberstdorf, only a precise point cloud and a comprehensive DTM would do. Using Leica Geosystems’ technology, the ing-Geovision team provided the best foundation for the next 93 years and beyond of ski jumping on the Schattenberg ski jump arena.