通过激光扫描加快历史建筑的BIM重建

Author:Mikhail Anikushkin, Sergey Kotelnikov

It is challenging to meet quality requirements for reconstruction and modernisation of complex buildings projects. The more complex the building, the more time architects spend measuring. Manual measurements are, moreover, usually inaccurate and incomplete if access to certain parts of the structure is difficult to reach.

But, is there a better way to measure and obtain up-to-date as-built documentation?

这reconstruction of a 100-year-old historical building, located in the centre of Moscow, would have been a long and winding road if real estate developer, KR Properties, had not turned to 3D laser scanning experts at Trimetari Consulting. The laser scanning firm was able to obtainup-to-date as-built documentation借助点云数据，创建3D模型，可以重建一座被忽视的两层建筑，并在一楼有一家以前的葡萄酒商店，地下室的葡萄酒库存为独家的阁楼。

Historical building: 3 steps to BIM with laser scanning

Architecture and engineering bureau Alllevels, the general reconstruction designer, noticed the basement floor of the historical building has a complex layout, and walls are uneven and deviated from the vertical. With Building Information Modelling (BIM) experience since 2013, Alllevels choose laser scanning as an effective measurement tool and Trimetari Consulting LLC as a service provider.

这project has been implemented in three steps:

• 激光扫描的建筑物
• Data processing to obtain a 3D BIM model and panoramas
• Reconstruction work of the project.

Field work and pre-processing: 10 times faster

表面7,000 square metres, the basement, two floors, and roof, werelaser scanned during three days通过两次陆地激光扫描仪。由于高速，准确性和全景图像，Leica Scanstation P20是一个很好的解决方案。根据建筑师的计算，传统的测量至少要进行一个月。

在Leica Cyclone寄存器后，用于注册和地理发射激光扫描数据的软件将数据既导出为leica truview的球形全景，又作为彩色点云作为Autodesk Design Design tovely软件包的出口。

设计师的3D模型Truview Panoramas用于工程师和团队

这first and most important task for data processing is to get an actual as-built model of the building in Autodesk Revit. To accelerate the process, Leica CloudWorx for Revit plug-in was used to automate the structures modelling, and efficiently visualise and create BIM models from large point cloud data sets, creating 2D and 3D drawings with Autodesk Revit.

Point clouds and as-builts model allow to calculate reconstruction works costs. For the reconstruction in Autodesk Revit, a very useful stage tool允许在项目中指定工作的关键阶段，并将对象的勃起和拆除链接到它们。因此，所有类型的作品的完整模型是在一个文件中形成的，具有精确的文档和规格。所有构造的对象都是在新建筑and all existing objects receive the stage of existing，并且，如有必要，可以指示拆除。这不仅可以记录不同的阶段，还可以通过任何元素显示设置接收规格和三维视图。

Many simple measurement tasks were, furthermore, solved by using only spherical panoramas in TruView. The software to access, view, analyse and collaborate using digital reality data was especially useful for analysing existing utilities located in the basement.

“在我的实践中，这是第一个重建项目，不需要任何其他最终测量。如果我们需要一些东西，则足以打开truview或使用点云。无需一次以上的现场去。”Alllevels局的主要建筑师亚历山大·索科洛夫（Alexander Sokolov）说。

该软件允许从任何激光扫描仪查看全景图，进行测量和插入注释，从而简化与客户和团队合作的互动。工程师可以使用办公室中的球形全景详细研究和测量，从而大大降低人工成本。

New time schedule for reconstruction with laser scanning

这reconstruction of this historical building is a clear example on how geospatial surveying technologies can speed up reconstruction works. Thanks to laser scanning and point cloud software, the项目仅在三个月内完成, which is significantly faster than a traditional approach:

• Field work was completed in three working days instead of a month
• 3D model creation took 30 days instead of three months
• 设计在两个月内完成，而不是四个月。

这final stage of data processing and the creation of drawings and models, is a long time-consuming process, especially if additional measurements and recalculations are required. These problems are solved by laser scanning, allowing not only to automate the measurement process, but also to provide the output data in an appropriate format.

Laser scanning is the most suitable technology for designers and architects, offering the following advantages:

• 精度和细节水平
• 速度
• High automation during the field work
• 与CAD环境的强烈互动。

基于激光扫描数据的BIM重建和现代化项目不仅快速准确，而且还可以在所有项目利益相关者之间提供新的设计工作流程和互动。