Speeding up BIM-reconstruction of historical building with laser scanning

作者：Mikhail Anikushkin，Sergey Kotelnikov

满足复杂建筑项目的重建和现代化的质量要求是一项挑战。建筑物越复杂，建筑师花费的时间就越多。此外，如果难以到达结构的某些部分，手动测量通常是不准确和不完整的。

但是，是否有更好的方法来衡量和获取最新的AS构建文档？

The重建100年历史的建筑如果房地产开发商KR Properties尚未转向Trimetari Consulting的3D激光扫描专家，则位于莫斯科中心，将是一条漫长而蜿蜒的道路。激光扫描公司能够获得最新的目的文档with point cloud data, creating 3D models that allowed the reconstruction of a neglected two-storied building, with a former wine store on the first floor and wine stock in the basement, into exclusive loft-apartments.

历史建筑：通过激光扫描的3个步骤

一般重建设计师的建筑和工程局Alllevels注意到历史建筑的地下室的布局复杂，墙壁不均匀，并且偏离了垂直方向。自2013年以来，Alllevels自2013年以来的建筑信息建模（BIM）经验，选择激光扫描作为有效的测量工具，而Trimetari Consulting LLC作为服务提供商。

该项目已通过三个步骤实施：

• 建筑物的激光扫描
• 数据处理以获得3D BIM模型和全景图
• 项目的重建工作。

现场工作和预处理：更快10倍

With a surface of7,000平方米，地下室，两层和屋顶激光在三天内进行扫描通过两次陆地激光扫描仪。由于高速，准确性和全景图像，Leica Scanstation P20是一个很好的解决方案。根据建筑师的计算，传统的测量至少要进行一个月。

After Leica Cyclone REGISTER, software for registering and georeferencing laser scan data to a common coordinate system, data were exported both as spherical panoramas to Leica TruView and as coloured point clouds to Autodesk design software packages.

3D model for designers TruView panoramas for engineers and team

数据处理的第一个也是最重要的任务是在Autodesk Revit中获取建筑物的实际建造模型。为了加速该过程，用于Revit插件的Leica CloudWorx用于自动化结构建模，并有效地可视化并从大点云数据集中创建BIM模型，并使用Autodesk Revit创建2D和3D图。

点云和堆积模型允许计算重建作品成本。对于Autodesk Revit中的重建，一个非常有用的Stage工具allows to specify in the project the key stages of the work and to link the erection and demolition of objects to them. A complete BIM model of all types of works is, thus, formed in one file with exact documentation and specifications. All the constructed objects are created on thenew construction并且所有现有的对象都接受E的阶段xisting, and, if necessary, demolition can be indicated. This makes it possible not only to document different stages, but also to receive specifications and three-dimensional views with any element display settings.

此外，许多简单的测量任务是通过仅在Truview中使用球形全景来解决的。使用数字现实数据访问，查看，分析和协作的软件对于分析地下室中的现有实用程序特别有用。

“It was the first reconstruction project, in my practice, that does not require any additional final measurement. If we need something, it was enough to open TruView or use the point cloud. No need to go onsite more than one time,”said Alexander Sokolov, main architect of Alllevels bureau.

The software allows to view panoramas from any laser scanner, make measurements and insert annotations, simplifying interaction with the customer and teamwork. Engineers can look and measure in detail using spherical panoramas in the office, significantly reducing labour costs.

通过激光扫描重建的新时间时间表

这座历史建筑的重建是一个明显的例子，说明地理空间测量技术如何加快重建的作用。多亏了激光扫描和点云软件，project was completed in only three months，这比传统方法要快得多：

• 现场工作是在三个工作日内完成的，而不是一个月
• 3D模型创建花费了30天而不是三个月
• Design was completed in two months instead of four months.

数据处理的最后阶段和图纸和模型的创建是一个长期的过程，尤其是在需要其他测量和重新计算的情况下。这些问题是通过激光扫描解决的，不仅可以自动化测量过程，而且可以以适当的格式提供输出数据。

激光扫描是设计师和建筑师最合适的技术，具有以下优势：

• Accuracy and level of detail
• Speed
• 现场工作期间高自动化
• Strong interaction with CAD environment.

A BIM reconstruction and modernisation project, based on laser scanning data, is not only fast and accurate, but also enables a new level of design workflow and interaction between all project stakeholders.