波兰消防局中使用Leica Geosystems总站进行射击后变形监测。bob apple

作者：Malgorzata Krol

单位和公共安全作为每次搜救行动的优先事项

乍一看，谈论波兰消防服务的日常工作，一切似乎都很清楚：消防员扑灭了大火。确实如此，但扑灭火灾只是这个专业，统一，训练有素且设备专门设备的许多任务之一。

波兰国家消防局于1992年7月1日成立。从那时起，组织和单位的功能已经完全改变。如今，波兰消防员不仅扑灭了大火。他们的任务还包括以下救援行动：技术，化学，生态，医疗。消防员还抗击自然灾害，在灾难中受伤的救援人员，支持警察部队在开放地形中寻找失踪人员，并应对其他当地威胁，例如重大交通事故。

The Polish State Fire Service comprises the National Headquarters of the State Fire Service, 16 Provincial Headquarters, 335 County / Municipal Headquarters. In Poland, there are 515 Fire and Rescue Units. The recruits are taught the skills of firefighting in five specialised schools in Poland. The Main School of Fire Service (Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej) in Warsaw, the Central School of Fire Service in Częstochowa, the two Schools of Aspirants in Kraków and Poznań, and the Officers School of the State Fire Service in Bydgoszcz.

专业搜索和救援单位

At the Provincial Headquarters of the State Fire Service in Katowice exists the Specialized Search and Rescue Group: The SGPR Jastrzębie-Zdrój, under the command of Senior Captain Paweł Krótki. This unit complies with the standard of "A", "B", and "C" levels of the so-called "operational readiness" following the "Principles of搜寻及救援在国家救援和消防系统中。”此外，一些SGPR单位成员是USAR波兰部门的一部分，这是一个为国际运营设计的搜救小组。

The Specialized Search and Rescue Group (SGPR) in Jastrzębie-Zdrój, as one of only a couple of firefighting units in Poland, maintains the highest level: "C" of operational readiness to carry out extreme challenging firefighting and rescue missions throughout the whole country. Those different readiness levels depend on the unit's suitability of emergency response, the number of firefighters, their qualifications, and the technical equipment in this unit.

SGPR部门的紧急响应动作也得到了救援犬和高级设备的支持。例如，基于两个Leica GeoSystems TS16总站的位置设备，包括摄像头和地球管和变形监控系统。bob apple当建筑物可能崩溃时，左撇子系统用于连续监测燃烧建筑物损坏的结构的稳定性。此外，SGPR单元还使用结构稳定设备，高度救援设备以及复杂救援操作中必不可少的其他技术设备。

一流的监控系统支持SGPR中的紧急响应

自2016年以来，SGPRJastrzęBie-Zdrój单元已配备了两个Leica GeoSystems全站系统，以监视近距离倒闭结构的稳定性。出于救援目的，变形监测是此类操作的主要任务之一。火灾或气体爆炸后建筑物的稳定性会迅速改变，通常对现场工作的救援单位构成重大威胁。为了维持消防员的安全性，应急部队，活着的受害者以及救援任务的成功和效率，需要持续监测结构状况的变化或可能下降的碎屑。

资料来源：SGPR Jastrzebie Zdroj

Leica Geosystems的两个系统中的每个系统都包括Leica TS16机器人总站，带有Leica Geomos监视软件的笔记本电脑，电源盒以及光学和声学信标。- “我们根据2016年的TS16和2018年的第二套收购了第一套。我们仍然有一个手动总站可以使用，我们主要将其视为备用设备。在备用设备中，我们有时在情况下使用手动总站必须从几个职位上观察更多的积分。

The SGPR firefighter- and rescue teams, especially the operators of Leica Geosystem's equipment, measure and monitor the stability of the destroyed or endangered structure in many fire- or explosion related incidents every year. They observe and monitor the condition of the buildings and make sure that the structural movements of walls, roofs etc. do not threaten the safety of the rescue operation.

用总站的濒危结构元素的监视如何？bob apple

火灾灭火和初始securin之后g of the scene, the SGPR unit commander and the total station operator make the first observations, the reconnaissance and the assessment of the situation to perform the monitoring activities securely. They pay attention to the size of the object, the extent of the area around the damaged building, the range of the used devices, the relative safety of the rescue units during the work on the scene and the possible preservation of the structural elements of the building. Then the positioning of the Leica Geosystems total station(s) is determined.

对象/建筑物的监视始于识别和选择建筑结构上的一定数量的独特点。这些要点需要易于识别和特征。一个总站连续观察预定义的时间间隔的定义点。该操作的成功至关重要的是，在任何情况下，监视活动不得阻止进行直接救援行动的紧急单位。

在整个操作过程中，都会进行观察，测量和监测预定的独特点。Leica Geosystems TS16总站TS16自动自动执行此操作。前提是，首先将要监视的要点定义并编程到Geomos软件中，以“指示” Leica GeoSystems Total Station相应地测量它们。Leica Geosystems系统配备了一个警报模块，该模块对测量点的位置的变化做出反应，并给操作员提供光学和音频反馈。注意到并报告了与原始位置的任何点偏差。

The threat of the so-called "secondary collapse" of a post-fire structure can be extremely dangerous. When a deviation is noticed, the total station operator informs the rescue unit commander about the change in the building condition. Based on that information, the commander instantly makes his decision about any further action. The decision might be about a temporary or even a complete stop of the rescue mission, or the withdrawal of units searching the rubble and securing the breached structure again. Usually, the decisions are made temporarily, allowing for resumption and safe completion of rescue action after re-securing the scene.

救援队和可能的受害者的安全至关重要

Rescue operations on fire- or explosion scenes and during construction disasters are the most complicated, complex, and dangerous tasks carried out by the specialised Search and Rescue units of any firefighting unit. Clearing the disaster area in situations where there might be fire under the rubble, exposed power cables, or gas leakages are tasks only for these specially trained and equipped formations of any fire brigade. Securing the environment and the positive outcome of a rescue mission as well as making sure that the safety of the involved teams and possible still living victims is maintained, are the major tasks in the day-to-day job of the specialised firefighting forces.