The chronicle of an adventure

作者：Penny Boviatsou

2014年10月19日，著名的意大利海洋水手Matteo Miceli离开了Riva di Traiano港口，位于意大利罗马附近，意大利帆船Eco40参加了Roma Ocean World Project。他的目标是在没有任何化石燃料或其他物资的帮助下，独自在世界上航行，除了他在整个27,000海里（50,000公里）的旅程中随身带来的东西。

ECO40是40级海洋容器（总长度为12.0米），配备了在板载上记录的Met-ecean参数的数据采集系统（即明显的和真实的风速和风速和风向，大气压，电流压力，电流速度，空气和海温等）以及船本身的运动学特征（即地面的速度和路线）。罗马大学和理工都灵大学的教授团队通过使用三个Leica GR25 GNSS参考接收器记录了该船的动作。有了这些，他们能够：

• Calculate the height of waves along the ECO40 route by using the boat as a buoy and validate the numerical models of the United Kingdom - based Met (meteorology) office;
• Improve the structural design of the Class 40 sailboat by means of calculating the boat’s dynamic stress and boat material durability during the trip;
• 记录从Eco40的动作中获取的波浪特性，以产生船速度的极图，这对于将来的40级赛车船非常有用。

Miceli transmitted the data via satellite for analysing to Professors Paolo De Girolamo and Mattia Crespi of the University of Roma La Sapienza and to Alessandro Pezzoli of the Polytechnic Turin.

在回到意大利的途中，将三个斗篷和航行25,000海里航行后，Eco40在赤道上盖了。马特奥（Matteo）在巴西海岸附近约600英里。他被一艘货船救了。当他回到意大利时，他组织了一次探险，试图恢复Eco40，这是没有成功的。一个月后，探险队再次尝试，并在巴西海岸发现了Eco40 300英里。现在，该船回到了意大利。

幸运的是，数据与船一起保存，研究人员能够对旅程进行最终分析。

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The sailor’s journey

计划路线是典型的th快船路线at runs from west to east through the Southern Ocean, taking advantage of the strong westerly winds. Namely the route consists in passing the Gibraltar Strait, then in descending the Atlantic Ocean and sailing around the Antarctic, at an average latitude of 50° S, from west to east rounding the most famous capes of the world: Cape of Good Hope, Cape Leeuwin and Cape Horn. Finally, sailing the Atlantic Ocean back to the Strait of Gibraltar and come back to the homeport.

米切利说：“莱卡GR25 GNSS接收器和左侧的天线收集的数据涉及该船的运动，报告说，在第一次暴风雨中，Eco40的波浪高度约为6米，最大波达到10,0 m。”“旅行结束后，我们现在能够计算确切的测量结果。”

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收集数据

卫星调制解调器每天将一部分测量数据发送给土地团队。这些数据是由船只衡量并几乎实时传输的，它极大地帮助了负责Eco40安全的团队；船在航行过程中真正面对的实际天气条件的知识可以改善路线策略并提高船只安全性。

“The measurements of the boat movements, obtained from the three GPS receivers, if properly analysed, can provide a measure of the waves that the ECO40 encountered during the navigation,” said Miceli.

The three high precision Leica Geosystems GPS receivers were placed on the left and right side of the stern along the boat cross axis while the remaining one was placed close to the boat entrance along the boat’s main longitudinal axis. The data were acquired by the system during the navigation of the ECO40 and stored on a flash-card by each receiver. The data analysis was carried out in post-processing after the recovery of the flash-cards.

后处理中采用了两种不同的策略：

1. “位移分析独立发动机的变体方法”（VADase）
2. 运动基础运动学方法。

The two methods were used complementary in order to obtain the boat motion, and the boat motion has been applied to estimate the waves’ properties faced by the sailboat during its navigation around the world.

实际上，使用第一种（即变体方法）来计算船只的涌入，浪涌和摇摆动作，而第二个（即移动的基础运动学方法）用于计算滚动，音高和偏航运动。通过使用堆，螺距和滚动运动来得出波的特性（即定向波谱）。

当必须检测到快速运动并突然评估其影响时，Leica Vadase可以帮助研究人员立即做出最明智的决定。该解决方案为传统的GNSS监视增加了附加价值，从而基于独立的GNSS接收器提供准确的速度信息，该信息不断实时可用于快速移动的精确和可靠的分析。

The boat performance data (i.e. speed and course over ground) can allow, after a certain amount of time that is required, to obtain a statistically meaningful database, to estimate the real polar velocity curves of the boat. Indeed these curves were used for the prediction of the optimal route made by the land team by using a route optimisation software, which was sent daily to Miceli.

船的实际极速曲线与船设计师估计的理论曲线不同。这是由于几个原因，其中起着重要的作用，船员可以将船“将船”推向其性能的最大性能以及在计算曲线本身时通常不考虑的波浪的存在。

这些数据主要用于两个技术和科学目的：

1. 第一个目的是对数值模型输出的校准和/或验证，这些输出通常用于风，波浪预测和/或分析到海洋中，以及对遥感数据的校准（例如，卫星风和波测量值）。
2. The second purpose is directly related to the vessel design. Indeed the knowledge of both the movements and the loads that this kind of vessel can deal with, together with the response of the materials to the fatigue stresses, can improve significantly the design methods.

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Analysing the measurements

This undertaking was the first time ever that a sailboat’s movement was accurately measured by GNSS on a global journey and data were transmitted via satellite every few hours. In terms of the met-ocean conditions and in terms of the boat heeling, the first violent storm experienced by the ECO40 during its navigation occurred in the Gulf of Lion 21-22 October 2014. The heeling of the boat was estimated by using the GPS signals that were analysed by using a moving base kinematic approach. This analysis allowed to estimate the heeling angle α during the whole storm event.

De Girolamo说：“关于大洋的条件，我们根据船只几乎实时测量和传输的风数据分析了风暴。”

Wind data were measured on board of the ECO40 by means of an anemometer placed on the top of the mast. The first comparison was carried out with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the second one was carried out by using the forecasted data, provided by the numerical model GFS (Global Forecast System).

This comparison, along with the results of the heeling analysis, showed that the wind measurement height plays an important role. The corrected measurements of the wind are comparable with the results obtained from the numerical models: a good agreement is noticeable within the first 60 hours. Nevertheless, a sensible discrepancy between the measured wind data and the numerical one is noticeable as the storm peak occurs.

预测，预测，预测和测得的风速之间的直接比较显示了相关差异。这些差异是因为在严重的风暴条件下，预测风条件的预测状况为50％。

研究人员和教授能够根据测量和数值风数据之间的比较来汇总研究论文。

弗兰克说：“尽管如此，尽管旅程的意外结束，但从莱卡GR25 GNSS接收器和Leica AS10天线收集的数据足以提供海洋科学信息，以开发新的海洋知识和技术以使社会受益。”Leica Geosystems的Pache高级产品经理，GNSS网络和参考站。