The chronicle of an adventure

作者：Penny Boviatsou

2014年10月19日，著名的意大利海洋水手Matteo Miceli离开了Riva di Traiano港口，位于意大利罗马附近，意大利帆船Eco40参加了Roma Ocean World Project。他的目标是在没有任何化石燃料或其他物资的帮助下，独自在世界上航行，除了他在整个27,000海里（50,000公里）的旅程中随身带来的东西。

ECO40是40级海洋容器（总长度为12.0米），配备了在板载上记录的Met-ecean参数的数据采集系统（即明显的和真实的风速和风速和风向，大气压，电流压力，电流速度，空气和海温等）以及船本身的运动学特征（即地面的速度和路线）。罗马大学和理工都灵大学的教授团队通过使用三个Leica GR25 GNSS参考接收器记录了该船的动作。有了这些，他们能够：

• Calculate the height of waves along the ECO40 route by using the boat as a buoy and validate the numerical models of the United Kingdom - based Met (meteorology) office;
• Improve the structural design of the Class 40 sailboat by means of calculating the boat’s dynamic stress and boat material durability during the trip;
• 记录从Eco40的动作中获取的波浪特性，以产生船速度的极图，这对于将来的40级赛车船非常有用。

Miceli transmitted the data via satellite for analysing to Professors Paolo De Girolamo and Mattia Crespi of the University of Roma La Sapienza and to Alessandro Pezzoli of the Polytechnic Turin.

On his way back to Italy, after rounding the three capes and sailing for 25,000 nautical miles, the ECO40 capsized at the Equator. Matteo was about 600 miles offshore the Brazilian coasts. He was saved by a cargo ship. When he came back to Italy, he organised a first expedition to try to recover ECO40, which was not successful. After a month, the expedition team tried again and found ECO40 300 miles offshore the Brazilian coasts. Now the vessel is back in Italy.

幸运的是，数据与船一起保存，研究人员能够对旅程进行最终分析。

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水手的旅程

计划中的路线是经典的快船路线，它利用强烈的西风从西到东穿过南海。即，这条路线是通过直布罗陀海峡的组成，然后沿着大西洋下降并在南极绕着南极，平均纬度为50°S，从西部到东，绕过世界上最著名的斗篷：好希望斗篷，开普，开普，开普，开普Leeuwin和Cape Horn。最后，将大西洋航行回到直布罗陀海峡，然后回到主港。

“The data collected by the Leica GR25 GNSS receiver and the Leica AS10 antenna concerning the movement of the boat reported that ECO40 sailed wave heights of roughly 6 metres during the first storm with maximum waves reaching 10,0 m,” said Miceli. “After the end of the trip, we are now able to calculate the exact measurements.”

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收集数据

A part of the measured data was sent to the land team on daily basis by satellite modem. These data, measured by the boat and transmitted almost in real time, helped significantly the team in charge of the safety of ECO40; the knowledge of the actual weather conditions the boat was really facing during the navigation could improve the route strategy and increase the boat safety.

Miceli说：“如果正确分析，从三个GPS接收器获得的船只移动的测量可以提供衡量ECO40在导航期间遇到的波浪的量度。”

The three high precision Leica Geosystems GPS receivers were placed on the left and right side of the stern along the boat cross axis while the remaining one was placed close to the boat entrance along the boat’s main longitudinal axis. The data were acquired by the system during the navigation of the ECO40 and stored on a flash-card by each receiver. The data analysis was carried out in post-processing after the recovery of the flash-cards.

后处理中采用了两种不同的策略：

1. “位移分析独立发动机的变体方法”（VADase）
2. 运动基础运动学方法。

这两种方法用于获得船运动，并采用了船运动来估计帆船在世界各地导航期间面临的波浪的特性。

实际上，使用第一种（即变体方法）来计算船只的涌入，浪涌和摇摆动作，而第二个（即移动的基础运动学方法）用于计算滚动，音高和偏航运动。通过使用堆，螺距和滚动运动来得出波的特性（即定向波谱）。

当必须检测到快速运动并突然评估其影响时，Leica Vadase可以帮助研究人员立即做出最明智的决定。该解决方案为传统的GNSS监视增加了附加价值，从而基于独立的GNSS接收器提供准确的速度信息，该信息不断实时可用于快速移动的精确和可靠的分析。

The boat performance data (i.e. speed and course over ground) can allow, after a certain amount of time that is required, to obtain a statistically meaningful database, to estimate the real polar velocity curves of the boat. Indeed these curves were used for the prediction of the optimal route made by the land team by using a route optimisation software, which was sent daily to Miceli.

船的实际极速曲线与船设计师估计的理论曲线不同。这是由于几个原因，其中起着重要的作用，船员可以将船“将船”推向其性能的最大性能以及在计算曲线本身时通常不考虑的波浪的存在。

这些数据主要用于两个技术和科学目的：

1. 第一个目的是对数值模型输出的校准和/或验证，这些输出通常用于风，波浪预测和/或分析到海洋中，以及对遥感数据的校准（例如，卫星风和波测量值）。
2. 第二个目的是直接related to the vessel design. Indeed the knowledge of both the movements and the loads that this kind of vessel can deal with, together with the response of the materials to the fatigue stresses, can improve significantly the design methods.

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Analysing the measurements

This undertaking was the first time ever that a sailboat’s movement was accurately measured by GNSS on a global journey and data were transmitted via satellite every few hours. In terms of the met-ocean conditions and in terms of the boat heeling, the first violent storm experienced by the ECO40 during its navigation occurred in the Gulf of Lion 21-22 October 2014. The heeling of the boat was estimated by using the GPS signals that were analysed by using a moving base kinematic approach. This analysis allowed to estimate the heeling angle α during the whole storm event.

“Concerning the met-ocean conditions, we analysed the storm on the basis of the wind data that were measured and transmitted almost in real time from the boat,” said De Girolamo.

通过放置在桅杆顶部的风速计，在ECO40的板上测量了风数据。第一次比较与欧洲中范围的天气预报中心（ECMWF）进行，第二个比较是通过使用数值模型GFS（全局预测系统）提供的预测数据进行的。

这种比较以及脚跟分析的结果表明，风测量高度起着重要作用。风的校正测量值与从数值模型中获得的结果相当：在最初的60小时内，良好的一致性值得注意。然而，随着风暴峰发生，测得的风数据与数值之间的明显差异是显而易见的。

预测，预测，预测和测得的风速之间的直接比较显示了相关差异。这些差异是因为在严重的风暴条件下，预测风条件的预测状况为50％。

The researchers and professors were able to put together a research paper based on the comparison between measured and numerical wind data.

弗兰克说：“尽管如此，尽管旅程的意外结束，但从莱卡GR25 GNSS接收器和Leica AS10天线收集的数据足以提供海洋科学信息，以开发新的海洋知识和技术以使社会受益。”Leica Geosystems的Pache高级产品经理，GNSS网络和参考站。