通过监测更深入地挖掘

作者：Martin Rub, Lidija Špiranec & Katja Omlor

Swiss Federal Railways (SBB)initiated a long-term expansion project together with the city of Winterthur to increase the performance of the Winterthur railway station. Due to the increasing number of passengers deciding to go with this environmentally-friendly transport alternative – daily around 120.000 people – Switzerland’s fourth-largest railway station required a larger pedestrian underpass in the North for better entrances to the platforms, as well as an adjacent bicycle tunnel which connects the two parts of the city and is also leading to a large bicycle garage. The planned new pedestrian and bicycle underpass also included various stores for an enhanced shopping experience. For this complex project – especially when stopping the rail traffic was not an option – the SBB contractedARGEStraburg(STRABAG AG and Burger Stahlbau AG) for the construction part, whereasTerradata AGwas chosen by the Contractor for the entire monitoring and surveying scope of the project.

扩展具有功能性和视觉底色：作为提高旅行和生活质量的镜头，该项目应该有助于将Winterthur火车站变成一个吸引人的城市门入口，连接旧城区中心和城市的新部分。新的行人和自行车地下通道，一个新的物流中心以及骑自行车的人的地下停车位将在选择这种运输工具时提高乘客的安全性和舒适性。

Whenever a project touches people’s lives, especially in terms of their safety, selecting the best partners is of utmost importance.

A daring project with high safety requirements

The new pedestrian underpass “Nord” at the Winterthur railway station passes under seven existing railway tracks. For this purpose the engineering consortium, encompassingLocher Ingenieure AG,F. Preisig AGand10:8 Architekten GmbH，创建了一个50米宽的走廊的概念 - 在四年的建设中，有14个临时铁路桥梁使其越过它。此外，要在项目期间安全地指导行人，PUWI工程联盟为行人计划了一座单独的临时钢桥。由于安全原因，还需要对此临时桥梁进行监控。最后，这个复杂的项目还涵盖了火车站上方的现有停车场，包括通道坡道。停车甲板将在火车站的顶部静态铺设。在地下区域，支柱必须暂时支撑新的地下通道天花板和停车甲板的预先提到的支柱。

Figure1：新地下通道的横截面和上面停车甲板框架的临时支撑微孔。可视化还显示了停车甲板和临时桥（左右），包括锚。彩色点强调受监视点。Locher Ingenieure AG的绘画。

During the construction, settlement and displacements of the operating tracks, the temporary bridges and the existing parking deck, overlaying the train station, have to be permanently monitored every 15 minutes.

As the railway needs to remain fully operational and safe, the monitoring systemTerradatainstalled sends alerts as soon as it detects movements outside of the defined thresholds. This complex project combines not only measuring track deformation but also monitoring other building processes during the complete overhaul of the parking deck. For these reasons, the temporary bridges are monitored by magnetic reflective prisms at every end (blue points). In front and behind the temporary bridges, the rail tracks are monitored every 4.8 m (blue points). The temporary pillars, supporting the parking deck (magenta points), are monitored on four different height levels to detect possible settlements while excavating their micropiles.

Figure2: Terradata’s concept for measuring all the coloured monitoring points.Locher Ingenieure AG的绘画。

莫nitored area has to be expanded to neighbouring buildings too to prevent structural damage and ensure peoples’ safety. Terradata AG collects data using geodetic and geotechnical monitoring sensors. Based on the gathered data, 3D deformations are calculated (like twist and settlement of railways tracks and other typical railroad parameters).

Figure3: Leica Geosystems monitoring total station on a ceiling mounting plate.

Figure4:左:一列火车经过临时桥梁,增刊orted by micropiles. Right: The transition zone of the track ballasts onto the temporary steel bridges. Both structures are measured by Leica total stations every 15 minutes over three years.

莫nitoring super package

Terradatarelies on Leica Geosystems’ total stations and its GeoMoS monitoring solution for automatic deformation monitoring, one of the crucial parts being theLeica Nova TM50 monitoring total station. It is the best instrument for monitoring railway operation – fast and quiet, barely ever getting noticed by the passengers on the platforms.

The equipment combination, chosen for the Winterthur site, was:

• 7 Leica Geosystems automated monitoring total stations
• 420 glass precise reflective prisms
• 25用于建筑沉降监测的静静力水平
• 20 pressure sensors to monitor load
• 2 vibration sensors to monitor structural vibration
• 40 crack meters to monitor the impact of underpinning the railway building
• 20 tilt sensors to monitor micropiles

Figure5：左：铁路建筑的基础建筑的BIM模型及其微孔。右：将建筑物按在临时微型底座上的挖掘工作（BIMF. Preisig AG).

Figure6:TEDAMOS(Swiss Monitoring Solution by Terradata) Web Viewer with all measurements for the underpinning of the railway building. Two 3D Leica total stations monitored the façade. A water levelling system monitored the height of the existing building, and the expanding way of the 40 hydraulic presses was measured by crack meters. Biaxial MEMS sensors monitored the inclination of the micropiles. The monitoring project was continuous (24/7) with a measuring interval of up to 1 minute while activating the load presses.

Figure7: Example of the deformation time series of one parking deck monitoring point, showing seasonal effects (expanding and shrinking) of the steel structure (dL component) and the alarm levels in yellow, orange and red.

Figure8：Leica Geosystems监视倾斜支柱上的总站。

Choosing the right partner

Terradata AG, Switzerland’s largest provider of surveying and monitoring services, took on this exciting monitoring challenge.

“我们的解决方案旨在尽早发现和防御潜在的危险 - 我们专门确保在结构，基础设施，土壤和自然危害中起主要作用的安全性，” Teamleader Monuraning表示。“温特图尔的铁路项目使我们能够应用整个设备和软件。我们选择了Leica Geosystems的监视解决方案，因为我们始终努力保持竞争优势。”

选择Leica Geosystems产品的主要原因是其总站的质量。bob applebob综合app下载除了专业的利卡格地理系统监控软件外，Terradata还使用其专有开发TEDAMOS(Swiss Monitoring Solution by Terradata) to visualise the data.

Figure9: In addition to automatic monitoring, a vast number of manual deformation monitoring tasks are performed.

Innovation is the only future-proof strategy

Terradata AG has a powerful company motto: “We measure and document – wherever buildings and soil play the main role.” The latter connects perfectly with Leica Geosystems’ slogan, “When it has to be right.” A strong equipment partnership during complex monitoring projects means that the customers need to be able to rely on their equipment 24/7. Terradata AG is eagerly expecting further technological innovations in the communication segment. Leica Geosystems is looking forward to additional exciting projects where safety is ensured with industry-leading hardware, software and service, all-in-all providing top-levelmonitoring solutions.

Interested in monitoring? Please feel free to read further case studies, showing how our customers use our solution to improve their monitoring workflow:

Monitoring Case Studies