参考站用户策略在构造环境中

案例分析

作者:Penny Boviatsou

Earthquakes are a response to the motion between tectonic plates. As two plates push together at a steady rate, the rocks along the plate boundary become more and more stressed until eventually something has to give — an earthquake occurs along a fault somewhere in the plate boundary zone.

新西兰位于澳大利亚和太平洋构造板的边缘。澳大利亚和太平洋板沿着弯曲的边界相互推动,通常不会平稳地越过彼此。他们以一系列小的快速运动移动,每次都伴有地震。

SmartFix基于世界上最大的参考站网络HXGN SmartNet,是新西兰最广泛的GNSS参考站网络,在全国范围内拥有70多个电台。SmartFix提供百分钟水平,实时运动学校正,后处理解决方案和子级GIS校正。HXGN SmartNet是一款集成的24/7 GNSS网络RTK和校正服务,构建在世界上最大的参考网络上,可实现具有GNSS能力的设备,以快速确定精确的位置。

Global Survey Limited的总监Bruce Robinson说:“通过Internet提供实时运动学(RTK)校正服务,并提供延时处理的Rinex文件,我们的客户可以享受SmartFix的好处。”“如果他们的GPS或GNSS接收器可以连接到Internet,那么SmartFix可以提供所需的数据。”


地震摇晃新西兰

策略

New Zealand has two types of earthquakes. Deep earthquakes under North Island form a well-defined band (seismic zone) running northeast from Marlborough through White Island. Shallow earthquakes tend to occur to the southeast of this seismic zone, while the deeper ones occur towards the northwest.

The New Zealand GeoNet, a partnership between the Earthquake Commission (EQC), GNS Science, and Land Information New Zealand, monitors all geological hazards in the country, and locates between 50 and 80 earthquakes each day – about 20,000 a year. Earthquakes can occur anywhere at any time in New Zealand.

这些地震正在不断改变新西兰的形状,尽管许多机芯又小且无情,但它是连续的,结果是可感知的,可测量的,并且可以局部变化。可测量和可变零件是参考站网络SmartFix需要处理的内容。

有许多快速运动结合了横向运动和垂直运动的例子。这种运动显然不统一;这种可变性为需要建立可靠的调查控制或运行参考站网络的人带来挑战。


研究地震活动

策略

Even though New Zealand is continuously moving and deforming under the influence of the Australian and Pacific tectonics plates, the country’s datum is designed to provide constant unchanging coordinates for features.

Datums define how coordinates, longitudes and latitudes or heights, relate to physical locations. Projections are different ways of representing a position in a datum, for example as northings and eastings used on topographic maps. Together, they define New Zealand's coordinate systems.

为了管理这种变形,基准本身正在移动和变形,并与新西兰的土地质量一起移动和变形 - 它是一个“板固定”的基准。

新西兰数据被称为NZGD2000,该数据基于2000年1月1日在功能上的位置上基于1996年的国际地面参考框架(ITRF)。由于基准为变形,NZGD2000坐标不再反映出真实位置相对于彼此的点。

但是,局部变形很小,对于大多数应用,变形可以并且被忽略。这允许直接从NZGD2000坐标计算距离,轴承和区域。但是,该变形需要由参考站管理员不断解决和管理。

自2000年以来,忽略变化的错误每年不超过一毫米。定期应用变形模型来考虑由于地震而导致的变形,以计算NZGD2000坐标,并且随着变形模型的测量变得更多准确的。


Challenges when running a reference station in New Zealand

策略

NZGD2000基准设置为2000年1月1日 - 最后一次一切都很好地融合在一起。自2000年以来,新西兰已经进行了17。5年的差异运动,尽管商标的坐标没有改变,但相对位置却有。今天从三个不同参考站进行调查的观点可能会有三个不同的NZGD2000坐标取决于所使用的参考站。

Robinson说:“客户的教育是新西兰SmartFix管理员职位的主要组成部分,因为我们正在吸引用户来了解电台选择的大地测量含义。”

The second challenge is obtaining and choosing the two coordinates for the reference stations that the Leica GNSS Spider reference station software requires. The two coordinates being the current epoch coordinates to ensure the reliability of the network and the NZGD2000 coordinate. The GNSS Spider solution is an integrated software suite for centrally controlling and operating GNSS reference stations and networks and helping to manage complex environments such as New Zealand.


可靠有效的解决方案

使用HXGN SmartNet(新西兰的SmartFix)之类的网络节省了现场工作人员的时间,因为它阻止了单独的基站设置,并且避免了由于损坏或被盗的基础而导致控制失败的风险,并消除了无线电干扰问题。测量师长期以来使用GNSS网络来节省时间和金钱,并消除潜在的错误来源。

Instead of carrying around:

  • GPS receivers
  • 电池和电缆
  • 两个收音机
  • a tripod and a pole
  • and setting up their own local base for each project,

network users simply carry a GPS or GNSS smart antenna (rover) with an internal modem or an external mobile phone and use that equipment to quickly access a network of permanent reference stations. The combined data from those permanent stations is used to generate RTK corrections and provide accurate positioning at much greater distances than traditional radio solutions.

Robinson说:“在《调查全球调查》中,我们致力于SmartFix(SmartNet)网络的增长。”“尽管面临构造挑战,但我们的客户能够获得可靠且可重复的NZGD2000坐标,对于用户来说,它使他们更有效,使他们能够按时并按预算完成项目。”

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