Maximum safety for the new Copenhagen Metro Line

哥本哈根地铁线是世界上最现代的地铁系统之一。为了改善丹麦首都的基础设施，该市正在通过建造新的“Cityringen”地铁循环，将现有的地铁系统扩展三分之二。现在正在添加线条M3和M4到现有的M1和M2线。由于不利的地质条件，有限的地质条件，覆盖率和现有发展，隧道建立隧道建设活动造成巨大的潜在风险。为了确保整个施工阶段的结构稳定性，各种大地测量和岩土测量系统将用于自动监测，以便及时检测可能的变形，允许立即启动对策。自动化3D测量系统，安装在每个站，轴和沿着隧道的延伸，在此方面发挥了特别重要的作用。

新系列包括17个新的地铁站，三轴，交叉，以及一个新的维护中心。整个大约15.5公里的长，路线通过哥本哈根底层的两个平行隧道管进行。新线将最终将中央火车站（københavnh）和东站（Østerport）连接到地铁系统。与现有系统一样，新地铁也被认为是一个无人驾驶，全自动的系统。

The overall costs for the project amount to about 2 billion euros. The Copenhagen Ministry of Transport and the municipality of Frederiksberg are the owners of this major project, represented by Metroselskabet I/S. The executive consortium is an Italian joint venture consisting of Salini/Impregilo Tecnimont and SELI – Copenhagen Metro Team (CMT).

Geodata Ziviltechnikergesellschaft MBH和Angermeier Ingenieure GmbH的合资公司收到了监控整个项目的合同，并创立了自己的新公司SMT丹麦APS，以实现这一巨大的任务。

SMT Denmark ApS is charged with the geodetic and geotechnical monitoring. This includes the precision levelling, conception, set up and servicing of automated 3D monitoring systems, and the installation and servicing of automatic inclinometers, strain and coders extensor metres, and water level gauge measuring systems. In addition, SMT Denmark ApS must also supervise KRONOS, the central project database, where all measurement results, including machine data transmitted every 30 seconds from the four tunnel boring machines (TBM), will be stored. Almost 30 employees are completely dedicated to the monitoring tasks in the Cityringen project.

2012年1月,一开始逐步装备ip all metro stations under construction and shafts with automated 3D measurement systems. Both tunnel tubes are being driven in parallel with the four TBMs. In the process, two offset machines each drive a specific route section in the new subway loop.

Since summer 2013, the tunnel sections have been equipped with measurement systems during the TBM drives. In the process, the individual total stations were connected into networks in order to reliably cover the planner’s prediction of possible settlements (also called zones of influence). In doing so, up to eight Leica TM30 total stations were connected into monitoring systems that are centrally controlled and monitored by a PC over WLAN.

监测instruments from Leica Geosystems
SMT丹麦APS的父母公司都是徕卡地铁系统的长期忠诚的客户。因此，大理石测量仪器和配件的选择在项目开始时落在瑞士高级制造商上。在项目的持续时间内，这一旦再次证明是一个绝佳的选择，因为它在早期的项目中。测量仪器以如此高精度运行，即3D测量系统和冗余调平测量，与Leica DNA03级和2米的Invar员工进行，匹配在半毫米内。高质量的测量结果对项目的成功贡献了显着贡献。

60,000 noiseless measurements per day
标准的测量频率是每两个urs for all automated measuring systems. In critical situations, the measuring frequency is reduced to one hour or 30 minutes, depending on the particular number of points to be measured.

A special case arose during the monitoring of existing metro tubes when the TBM had to cross the tunnel tubes. Here, the measurement frequency for 10 points actually had to be raised to every 90 seconds in order to be able to give constant feedback regarding settlement during the crossing.

The Software Observer, a proprietary software of ANGERMEIER INGENIEURE GmbH, controlled every total station. It automatically eliminates outliers during every measurement within a measurement cycle. All measurement values are then transferred to an adjustment software and processed. If the results are within the required range of accuracy, the coordinates and protocol are transferred to the KRONOS database, which is proprietary software by GEODATA Ziviltechnikergesellschaft mbH. If there is a data transmission failure or internal warning or alert levels are exceeded, for example, if the compensator values are outside specified accuracy range, immediate, automatic notifications are distributed to the predefined internal group of people.

截至2014年12月，72个徕卡TM30总站安装在21个新结构。bob apple平均21个总站沿隧道路线并行运行。bob apple完成一节之后大约四个月，它们被取下并重新安装在新部分。

总站安装了超过4,000名棱镜。bob apple每天约60,000次测量。总的来说，到目前为止已经进行了超过4400万3D测量。同样，还有600,000个手动调平测量。

Leica Geosystems总站的极低噪音产生肯定值得一提。bob apple它们可以轻松地直接安装在卧室窗户，而不会从睡眠中唤醒居民。

持续维修总站bob apple
Four employees are responsible for taking care of the total stations. Their tasks include troubleshooting malfunctions that arise in individual systems and installation of new systems in the station and tunnel sections. After passage of two tunnel boring machines has taken place, they must take down the sensors again. The 3D systems are still in operation at the metro stations under construction.

所有计算机都可以从主中心远程访问，这在需要访问网络时是有利的。如果通过远程维护无法纠正错误，则当地班队将关闭以查找问题。这些故障中的许多故障是由站立的施工活动引起的，例如由于大型建筑机械而与参考和变形棱镜的中断电源或受限的视觉通信。

SMT Denmark ApS has added its own lifting platform on a 3.5-ton truck for the installation of prisms and total stations. This is the only way to be flexible and carry out installation and removal or exchange of equipment for maintenance.

Experienced teams – reliable systems
Operating such a large monitoring project for the benefit and safety of Copenhagen’s citizens and visitors is a great challenge for the entire team and the measuring system.

As far as the team is concerned, a great deal of experience is required here. Internal processes are continuously optimised. The software components in the Observer are also subject to continuous modifications due to the changing requirements for this complex monitoring project.

The instruments are subjected to a maximum demand for quality, reliability and precision. The demands on the employees, who quickly and confidently respond to every malfunction that arises, are equally high. Monitoring sensors from Leica Geosystems are the perfect partners for this enormous task.

Written by Dieter Heinz