新哥本哈根地铁线的最大安全性

The Copenhagen Metro Line is among the world’s most modern subway systems. To improve the infrastructure in the Danish capital, the city is now expanding its existing metro system by two-thirds through construction of the new “Cityringen” subway loop. Lines M3 and M4 are now being added to the existing M1 and M2 lines. Tunnel-building activities on such a scale in the heart of an old city harbour pose great potential risk due to the unfavourable geological conditions, limited coverage and proximity to existing development. To ensure structural stability throughout the construction phases, various geodetic and geotechnical measuring systems will be used for automatic monitoring in order to detect possible deformations in a timely manner, allowing immediate countermeasures to be initiated. Automated 3D measuring systems, which are installed at every station, shaft and along the stretches of tunnel,play a particularly important role in this.

The new lines include 17 new metro stations, three shafts with crossovers, and a new maintenance centre. The entire, approximately 15.5-kilometres long, route proceeds through two parallel tunnel tubes in the subsoil of Copenhagen. The new lines will finally connect the central station (København H) and east station (Østerport) to the metro system. Like the existing system, the new metro was also conceived as a driverless, fully automatic system.

该项目的总成本约为20亿欧元。哥本哈根运输部和弗雷德里克斯伯格市是该重大项目的所有者，由Metroselskabet I/S代表。该行政财团是一家意大利合资企业，由Salini/Impregilo Tecnimont和Seli - 哥本哈根地铁团队（CMT）组成。

地理数据Ziviltechnikergesellsch的合资企业aft mbH and ANGERMEIER INGENIEURE GmbH received the contract for monitoring the entire project and founded their own new firm, SMT Denmark ApS, to carry out this enormous assignment.

SMT Denmark AP负责测量和岩土技术监测。这包括自动3D监控系统的精确级别，概念，设置和维修，以及自动倾斜仪，应变和编码器延伸器仪表以及水位量规测量系统的安装和维修。此外，SMT Denmark AP还必须监督中央项目数据库Kronos，其中所有测量结果（包括从四台隧道钻孔机（TBM）传输的机器数据）都将存储。将近30名员工完全致力于Cityringen项目中的监视任务。

2012年1月，开始逐步为所有正在建设的地铁站配备带有自动化的3D测量系统的轴。这两个隧道管都与四个TBM并行驱动。在此过程中，两台偏移机在新的地铁环中的特定路线部分驱动。

自2013年夏季以来，隧道部分在TBM驱动器期间配备了测量系统。在此过程中，各个总站被连接到网络中，以可靠地涵盖计划者对可能定bob apple居点的预测（也称为影响区域）。在此过程中，多达八个Leica TM30总站连接到监视系统中，这些系统由bob applePC在WLAN上进行中央控制和监测。

监视利卡格地理系统的仪器
Both of SMT Denmark ApS’s parent companies are long-standing, loyal customers of Leica Geosystems. The choice of supplier for the geodetic measuring instruments and accessories therefore fell on the Swiss premium manufacturer at the very beginning of the project. Over the duration of the project, this proved once again to be an excellent choice, as it was in earlier projects. The measuring instruments operate with such high accuracy that the 3D measuring system and the redundant levelling measurements, which were carried out with the Leica DNA03 level and 2-metre Invar staffs, matched within half a millimetre. The high quality of measurement results contributed significantly to the project’s success.

每天60,000个无噪声测量
对于所有自动测量系统，标准测量频率是每两个小时。在临界情况下，根据要测量的特定点数，测量频率将降低至一小时或30分钟。

当TBM不得不穿过隧道管时，在监测现有地铁管的过程中会出现特殊情况。在这里，实际上必须将10点的测量频率提高到每90秒，以便能够在交叉期间就沉降提供持续的反馈。

该软件观察者是Angermeier Ingenieure GmbH的专有软件，控制了每个总站。在测量周期内的每个测量中，它会自动消除异常值。然后将所有测量值转移到调整软件中并处理。如果结果在准确性的所需范围内，则将坐标和协议传输到Kronos数据库，Kronos数据库是Geodata Ziviltechnikergesellschaft MBH的专有软件。如果超过数据传输故障或内部警告或警报级别，例如，如果补偿器值超出指定的准确性范围，则立即，自动通知分配给预定义的内部组。

Up to December 2014, 72 Leica TM30 total stations were installed at the 21 new structures. An average of up 21 total stations run in parallel along the tunnel routes. Approximately four months following completion of a section, they are taken down and reinstalled in the new section.

More than 4,000 prisms were installed with the total stations. Approximately 60,000 measurements per day. Overall, more than 44 million 3D measurements have been carried out so far. Similarly, there were also 600,000 manual levelling measurements.

The extremely low noise generation of Leica Geosystems total stations is certainly worth mentioning. They could easily be installed directly alongside bedroom windows without waking the residents from their sleep.

Continuous servicing of the total stations
四名员工负责照顾总站。bob apple他们的任务包括对单个系统中出现的故障进行故障排除以及在车站和隧道部分中安装新系统。通过两条隧道钻孔机通过后，他们必须再次拆除传感器。3D系统仍在正在建设的地铁站运行。

All computers are remotely accessible from a main centre, which is advantageous when needing to access the network. If an error cannot be corrected through remote maintenance, a local squad sets off to find the problem. Many of these malfunctions are caused by construction activities at the stations, such as interrupted power supplies or restricted visual communication with the reference and deformation prisms due to the large construction machines.

SMT丹麦APS已在3.5吨卡车上添加了自己的起重平台，用于安装棱镜和总站。bob apple这是灵活并进行安装，拆卸或交换设备进行维护的唯一方法。

经验丰富的团队 - 可靠的系统
为哥本哈根公民和游客的利益和安全而操作这样的大型监测项目对于整个团队和测量系统来说是一个巨大的挑战。

就团队而言，这里需要大量经验。内部流程是不断优化的。观察者中的软件组件也受到此复杂监控项目的要求的不断变化，也需要进行连续的修改。

这些仪器对质量，可靠性和精度的最大需求受到影响。对员工的要求很快，自信地对出现的每一个故障做出反应，同样高。从利卡（Leica Geosystems）监视传感器是这项艰巨任务的理想合作伙伴。

Dieter Heinz撰写