Measuring high in ports

作者：Arno Kijzerwaard

在通过多式联运容器的货物运输的世界中，船舶尺寸也显示出稳步增加。因此，世界各地的港口必须投资更大的集装箱起重机，以处理这些船只。

这些集装箱起重机正在增加操作速度以及自动化水平。Trolley旅行速度高达240甚至300米/分钟也不例外。在100米的轨道上，这些手推车每年轻松地旅行超过10,000公里。

One of the key elements to crane maintenance at these high speeds is the wear, caused by the wheel-rail contact of the trolley. Effective prevention of this aggressive form of wear is realised by an accurate alignment of the trolley wheels. On a container crane with a girder height of more than 50 m, however, this alignment procedure puts extreme demands on measurement instruments.

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留在轨道上

Though the alignment measurement of a set of steel wheels on steel rails seems a straight forward activity that could be performed by almost anyone in possession of a theodolite, this proves far less simple when located 50 m high on a moving steel structure in the wind. Not to forget one had to travel half the world to even get there.

Trolley车轮对集装箱起重机的准确对准是一种特殊和利基市场，即市场区域是由世界各地的港口形成的。Langeveld Cranes在这种技术中具有几乎十年的发展，使其成为一个全新的水平。到目前为止，他们估计的成功项目数量近似于世界300。

Langeveld has been using a Leica TS30 total station and recently added a Leica Nova TS60 total station to its equipment basket. The TS60 is used in combination with a Leica CS35 tablet computer and Langeveld’s own specially developed wheel alignment software.

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在极端工作

Tolerances for wheel alignment date back to the 1970s. Classic crane design standards all specify maximum allowable wheel angles of 0.4 mm/m. This is, however, not quite the same as describing good running behaviour. By approaching the alignment from the side of good running behaviour, a whole new accuracy level was achieved in the practical end result.

This new accuracy level, though beneficial, puts higher demands on the accuracy and reproducibility of the measurements. The total stations have to measure up to the demands over and over again. The work of Langeveld’s trolley wheel alignment is so much more accurate than ever specified in the history of crane standards. This in itself is one thing, but it’s also significant that this result is always achieved on a height of more than 50 m from quay level on a moving crane in the wind.

气候是需要考虑的另一个关键方面。测量设备的温度工作范围通常是数据表中的一行。几乎没有难以满足荷兰的Langeveld家庭基地时遇到的难以满足的规格。然而，当斯堪的纳维亚州的冬季项目被要求时，这变得越来越少，随后是赤道周围的热带目的地。

After dozens of these projects, the TS30 total station has remained stable. Of course, the instrument is acclimatised prior to each working day. Still, extreme variations of ambient temperature are no longer theoretical values in this line of work.

“In every thinkable climate, all over the world, our Leica Geosystems total stations have travelled to ports on almost all continents, and passed through the hands of custom officials in many countries in Africa, the Middle East, Asia and South America,” said Casper Langeveld, owner, Langeveld Project Management. “No matter the form of transport or the environmental conditions, these total stations continue to work and provide us with the measurements we need. We are able to trust the results and ensure quality deliverables for our clients.”

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New trends, new needs

最近的起重机自动化的发展意外地导致了完全的新挑战。经典的起重机驱动器通常位于其负荷之上。立即注意到每一个举动，冲击和声音。这可能是服务工程师的无线电呼叫之间的任何东西，或者在最坏的情况下，一个完整的起重机停止。

起重机自动化和最近的趋势增加remote control have effectively removed the driver from the crane. This means that there is no direct witness for unusual shocks or noises in the trolley behaviour anymore. Therefore, the trolley must run smoother than ever before, because any deviation in sound or shock will stay unnoticed for a far longer time.

Meeting the international demands and work volume, the TS60 was an easy choice for the firm as a natural successor to the TS30. With ATRplus, the TS60 total station's ability to remain locked on the target is maximised, ignoring other distractions in the field, which can be plentiful in a port.

随着Langeveld自己的软件在TS60上运行，随着也可以使用Leica Captivate 3D现场软件的可能性，这是该公司的一个至关重要的功能。这使得内部通信与凝聚力工作环境的总站。bob apple

“We trust Leica Geosystems’ overall robust solutions for our business,” said Langeveld. “We make a strong team together for the crane market.”