山电话

Situated at 848 metres above sea level, the Klöntalersee inspired as early as 1655 the Zurich artist Conrad Meyer to draw the first modern high mountain panorama. Created by a rockslide ages ago and flanked by the 2900-m-high mountain massif Glärnisch, the lake is still a stunning attraction for tourists and artists due its ravishing beauty. But not only poets and painters recognised the potential of the 3.3 square kilometer large mere, which is fed by the surrounding mountain brooks like the Klön. In 1908, the Klöntalersee was impounded on its eastside between Rhodannberg and Sackberg by an earth mound to generate electricity for the surrounding villages and companies.

由于新的220米长和21.5米高的地球大坝，该湖泊可携带约3980万立方米的水，如果需求波动和高峰时段，则可以用来发电。

From air to water

Ingenieurteam Geo GmbH凭借其开创性的方法结合了水文和摄影测量法，计划通过使用其声音船，测量师，Leica Geosystems工业无人驾驶飞机（UAV）以及最新的定位技术来调查该区域瑞士（Leica Geosystems）在瑞士广州格拉鲁斯（Glarus）的广州。目标是生成3D模型，以精确和英寸的精确计算和对实际保持能力的模拟。

After all preparatory measures, approval processes and planning had been completed, the experts from Karlsruhe traveled with their sonar equipped vessel to the more than 220 km distant lake into the Swiss Alps to map the lake’s soiling situation at a regular water gauge. All measurements done by the vessel and Leica Geosystems UAV were recorded in the Swiss national coordinate system LV03.

With 172 planned recording lines, the 6-meter-long vessel set sail to create a detailed picture of the lake’s soil using its Reson SeaBat 8101 Multibeam echosounder. The fathometer emits acoustic signals at an angle of 150 degrees and calculates the depth of the water by measuring the elapsed time of the echo. At 101 beams per ping at a frequency of 30 pings per second, the hydrographs receive high-precision data of the bed with a graticule of 3,030 single points per second. With an overlap of one-third of every measuring track, the experts ensure that an accuracy of less than 10 centimeters is achieved during their measurement.

But before data can be gathered, the measuring system must be calibrated precisely in order to avoid disturbance factors and to correctly determine the results. Therefore, the sensor technology must be adjusted before every deployment to subtract both linear movements of the vessel as well as rotation around its axles to impede any falsification. A further step for the hydrographs to get a clear and detailed view of the lakes ground is to factor the waters sound velocity into the calculation, which changes depending on temperature and suspended particles and becomes especially important in lentic water.

After the boat got launched and calibrated, the crew put out to sea on a two-and-a-half hour long first cruise to get a first impression of the lake’s character and began to create the first sonar data of the soil. Following the planned routes and under consideration of the lake’s depth and texture, the highly skilled hydrographs on the Surveyor collected enough information to create a point cloud of 134.837.653 X-Y-Z-coordinates. All in all, the crew of the observation boat made it in five days to record all 2,855,204 square meters of the Klöntalersee.

Beyond limits

不仅快速变化的天气状况和骨气冷的冷，将人和机器推向了极限，随着冰川的massifglärnisch构建了南部路堤的建筑，环境还对技术进行了测试。Massif凭借其2,900 m的身份，实际上将其阴影投向了。通过地块陡峭的斜坡，距离河滨附近，专家担心，由于Klöntalersee的南侧信号不透明度，他们可能会失去GPS流。在这种情况下，将船只位置的确定是由放置在湖北部和东海岸的转速仪进行的。由于湖泊的长期肾脏形状，这将导致严重的问题，以获取船位的准确细节。

By using the Leica Viva GS 16 GNSS antenna on the Surveyor, the data recorded with the multibeam sonar could be assigned inch-perfect to their coordinates. With its built-in SmartLink-technology, the crew would still have been able to record high-precision data and receive the GNSS correction data even if the signal of the GSM network would have gone missing. Thanks to 550 channels, a state-of-the-art surveying engine and ultramodern RTK algorithms, both the data of the UAV and the vessel could be precisely assigned to the test results.

由于它们的一般设计，很难为配备多光束的船只捕获银行情况。除此之外，损坏敏感且昂贵的传感器的风险在浅水中迅速上升，并且在海岸的附近。为了获得数量计算和仿真的精确结果，工程师依靠他们在无人机的经验，并决定通过摄影测量法捕获空气寄宿的海岸和路堤。

天空的精度

在从船上定期测量湖泊后，工程师开始计划Leica Geosystems无人机解决方案的航班。为了捕获与船的测量值重叠的岸边，至关重要的是，在较低的水位上计划以下飞机。在季节性降低了KlöntalerSee的水平之后，对Leica Geosystems Hexacopter进行了调查。

为此，ING的专家。Geo的专家计划使用内部建造的飞行计划软件，为以下航班设置航路点，并确定适合调查的参数，例如高度，地面采样距离（GSD），数据速度和数据重叠。为了尽可能准确地记录银行区域的倾斜和陡峭的地形，专家决定多次调查每个区域以提高数据的有效性。PC上的飞行计划完成并将航路点加载到UAVS内部存储空间后，使用Viva GS16测量了湖泊周围的地面控制点（GCP），因此可以开始首次飞行。

再次，对高山水库的测量提出了自己对人和机器的挑战。除了平均温度低于0度的摄氏摄氏度外，迅速的天气变化和低云，Klöntalersee的南岸再次倾斜了山墙，这是最大的挑战。由于陡峭的墙壁和海岸茂密的植被使飞行员不可能从土地上行动，因此必须启动并降落在单独的船上。除了敏感和可靠的技术外，飞行员的技能和稳定之手也尤为重要。

Despite the adverse conditions, the team from Karlsruhe was able to collect highly precise data in 18 flights, so the dry shore strip with a total length of more than 12 km was covered within two days. With a picture taken every two seconds and the drone moving with 4 m/s, the experts ensured that the data was recorded with the highest accuracy by the camera attached to the flying multisensor platform.

“Due to the fast data availability of the UAV, we were able to evaluate the first results on site,” said Benjamin Busse, IngenieurTeam GEO.

将技术与准确性相结合

的录音调查船,was of immanent importance for the UAV-based results to accurately reference them. For this purpose, the experts of the Ingenieurteam GEO equipped the UAV with an special RTK / GNSS module and used in addition the Viva GS16 GNSS antenna, which was the perfect match to work under these difficult conditions to achieve an accuracy of 1-3 cm in georeferencing the collected data.

进行所有测量后，测量专家开始处理获得的数据。由Multibeam Sonar创建的点云必须被馈入PDS 2000轴承软件，以手动编辑和纠正它们的不精确。为了将河岸的数据集成到数量计算中，必须将所有4,400个使用无人机创建的高分辨率图像进口到飞行计划软件中，并将它们与UAV日志文件中的坐标合并。之后，在后处理软件Agisoft Photoscan Pro中编辑了Georected数据，以创建3D模型和点云。随后，将两种3D模型组合在Autodesk ApplicationAutoCAD®Civil3D中，以生成湖泊状况的精确模型。

Using the data from the 3D model, the engineers generated a precise map with elevation lines for their client. By being able to generate such a precise result and to combine two completely different ways of surveying large and challenging areas, the engineers stood up to the game and used the most modern technology to get the job done. With the data generated by boat and UAV, the experts are able to fulfill their clients’ wishes of a detailed virtual 3D model and a metres long situation plan with contour lines printed out.

“The combination of the measurement results of our modern multibeam system and Leica Geosystems UAV allows us to generate high-precision data very quickly,” said Busse.

Leica Geosystems再次选择飞行多感官平台来重新考虑传统的工作方式，是专业人士取得最佳成果的正确选择。