How to measure an island

In 2003, visionary Ben Kacyra foundedCyArk通过他的想法，创建一个自由和数字档案的文化遗产和架构，以保护它们免受自然或人类的破坏。在2001年在阿富汗拆除了Bamiyan佛陀的推动，Kacyra追求了尽可能多的文化遗产的想法，至少作为后代的3D蓝图。通过在斯卡·莫博士（Leica Geosystems）执行副总裁，在Cyark的指示委员会上，在绘制和测量方面，基金会在其侧面有另一个专家和有远见的专家和历史。

With its knowledge and expertise in 3D laser-scanning to create high-resolution point clouds, CyArk took surveying and mapping of cultural heritage sites to another level. Within a short time, the foundation formed a worldwide network to add more than 130 projects to its archive, and launched in October 2013 its ambitiousCyarr 500挑战to scan and digitally preserve 500 world heritage sites within a period of five years. One of the sites nominated by the500 Advisory Council作为英格兰康沃尔郡的潮岛圣迈克尔斯山。

小岛屿距离英国西南部366米，距离船只距离或低潮，通过堤道，也是一张明信片的历史现场。首先从大约4,000到2,500英镑填充，它在12年期间成为一个修道院^钍世纪和18世纪，现在已知的定居点和朝圣网站。由于气候变化和侵蚀而濒临灭绝500 Advisory Council建议的St Michaels Mount作为一种文化遗产，应​​该为进一步的几代保存。

与无人机节省的时间

To map this island,大西洋地理学和Leica Geosystems UK使用最先进的技术和涉及无人机（UAV）的趋势设定工作流程，在三天内调查岛屿和小村庄。随着技术和现场知识Leica Geosystems UK, the expertise in mapping and surveying from大西洋地理学, and the new approach in creating precise aerial using an UAV, a completely enhanced workflow evolved, changing the game in measuring and mapping large areas.

选择使用自主六顶进行调查的文化​​遗产似乎是一个很长的镜头，但经过多功能的无人机之前已经证明是正确的挑选结构。2014年，Leica Geosystems无人机创建了墨西哥国家自治大学图书馆和体育场的详细3D模型。

In May 2016, a crew of 10 surveyors and pilots headed to the coast of Cornwall to start preserving the 0.23 sq. km (0.09sq. miles) of St Michaels Mount. The professionals needed high-end equipment to get ahead of this task. Besides the Leica GS16 GNSS to increase the accuracy of their GPS, the Leica MS60 MultiStation fulfilled its promise to create a 3D-grid with more than 1,000 points per second on a distance up to 300 meters during its work on the island. Moreover, the Leica ScanStation P40 worked with a range accuracy of 1.2 mm + 10 ppm and a 3D position accuracy of 3 mm at 50 meters to create fully textured 3D-Models of the cultural heritage site. With this great accuracy and precision both tools were the perfect addition to Leica Geosystems UAV solution, which measured the island aerial to create highly accurate orthofotos.

简化工作流程

Setting up 65 ground control points around the island to capture as many details as possible, the crew started to prepare the site for measuring with the MS60 MultiStation as well as the GS16 GNSS. But being challenged by rough terrain, bold cliffs and the Atlantic surge, the use of an UAV refined the work of the professionals. Engineers carrying heavy equipment down steep steps is a major safety risk as it is very time consuming. Using the Leica Geosystems hexacopter to get detailed imagery and data of inaccessible ground is a considerably advantage when it comes to safety and efficiency.

在海拔120米的飞行高度为120米，UAV从海岸线创建了精确的数据，以在12个自动航空航班的航班中从St Michaels Mount的顶部创建了精确的数据。通过使用RTK / GNSS - 模块，UAV通过1-3厘米的精度从10颗卫星计算出其精确位置。为了在飞行期间尽可能多的细节，船员将完全集成的Sony Alpha 7R安装到六转口万对手。7,360x4,192像素（36.4百万像素）的分辨率确保了每个细节被捕获并由于其全帧EXMOR CMOS传感器，甚至更高的质量，并且分布了较少的图像噪声。录制每毫秒的GPS数据，可以精确定位拍摄的每张图像。随着快门速度设定为1 / 1000sec和光圈至3.2f，安装的相机在800图像的ISO中占用，没有任何模糊或失真。

拥有最精细的软件内置于Leica Geosystems UAV中，直升机标签精确到毫秒，何时何地拍摄高分辨率图片。这使您可以在后处理中将每种图像匹配到最精确的GPS位置。

通过使用无人机和最新设备，与没有空中支撑的标准常规工作流程相比，测量的总时间减少了60％。

While the ground-team prepared the site for their measurements, the aerial-crew set the UAV up for its demanding challenge. With the in-house developed flight planning the crew programmed the parameters for the following flights so the hexacopter could gather aerial information in addition to the conventional results.

更少捕获更多

After three days of flying, 12 automated flights to capture every detail of the island, and 4,120 taken georeferenced pictures, the crews came together to merge their data into the post processing software to create a digital high-resolution replica of St Mount Michael. The result was a 3D textured model of the island and its buildings, containing over 2.4 GB of high-res data, showing detailed insights of the cultural heritage. The combination of the captured data from all scanning devices in further data processing is as easy as 1-2-3. With a Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) of 3.2 cm and a relative accuracy in location of 1.2 cm in average, the UAV data was generated to point clouds and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with the support of a cloud-based hard- and software solutions. Thanks to software such as CapturingReality, Agisoft PhotoScan Pro, Autodesk ReCap and Pix4D, the combination of ground based scanning data and aerial images took only hours and not days and weeks.

通过将飞行的三脚架从Leica Geosystems集成来扩展您在大型项目上工作的方法使您能够在更短的时间内更准确地创建更多数据。但与以前的效率有效期是一个不错的款式，与测量不可达的区域很容易，并提高员工的安全性和准确性。Leica Geosystems UAV解决方案是当您重新思考和测量时的真实交易。