在板降低风险中：商业建筑中的3D激光扫描案例

作者：Bjorn（Bernie）Bernhardt, RM Surveys Director, Construction & HDS.

Bjorn是激光扫描和BIM技术的领导者，在基础设施和商业建筑项目（例如新珀斯体育场）方面拥有丰富的经验。他是倡导空间技术调查解决方案的行业和大学的主题演讲者。

RM Surveys是一家澳大利亚公司，为商业，资源和住宅行业提供端到端的调查解决方案。

Over the 25 years of servicing the construction industry, RM Surveys have noticed slab deformation is a common issue with little to no documentation. Slab deformation causes non-compliant floor levels resulting in unexpected problems during fit-out and final form. Such cases can result in budget issues, delays and can lead to critical structural deformation issues that deem buildings unsafe.

会出现平板变形的原因有几个原因，但是要理解原因并减轻风险的文档是不完整或不准确的。为了解决这个问题，RM调查使用四阶段的过程来降低结构变形的风险，特别是平板问题。使用3D激光扫描RM调查记录板前，后脉冲和后张力和紧张。可交付的报告显示了设计的水平和平坦度的差异。当前，通常只能在典型混凝土倒入后进行结构文档。测量师将记录混凝土后倒入以确认水平和平坦度。但是我们必须问，如果我们用更好，更准确的数据开始项目，可以节省多少钱，并降低风险？

The lack of continual documentation throughout the construction can leave builders and subcontractors exposed to:

• Risk implications for variations to the design
• Variation costs during fit-out and final form
• 项目延迟
• Client relationship breakdown
• 没有记录的结构变形的证据

A better way to manage structural deformation risk

激光扫描使建筑行业的利益相关者能够从每个阶段从表面和结构中收集信息，并确定建筑过程中可能出现的任何潜在问题。通过在项目的早期阶段发现冲突和问题（甚至在建造工作开始之前）可以避免时间表延迟，并在开始施工之前提出解决方案，从而大大降低返工的成本。

RM调查首选的激光扫描仪是Leica RTC360激光扫描仪due to being highly portable and its design for maximum productivity on a building construction site with a measuring rate of up to 2 million points per second, advanced HDR imaging system and the creation of coloured 3D point clouds. Solutions that they worked on:

阶段1前混凝土倒
激光扫描用于捕获混凝土倒入。RM调查可以使用扫描的数据来证明这些资产根据工程图的存在，从一开始就提供了资产的完整文档。

Stage 2 Post concrete pour documentation

团队捕获完成的表单直接倒入倒入，以确保倒入符合设计。该文档提供了毫米准确的数据，可以在高度详细且内容丰富的报告中显示。

Stage 3 Post stressing and post prop documentation

Once the slab has met strength targets, completed post tensioning, and all temporary propping removed, the slab is captured again. This indicates the true deformation of the structure.

The reporting is once again compared to design. Engineering elements such as post tension cabling are shown in relation to the deviations in the slab for context.

Stage 4 Documentation

阶段2和3的比较突出了倒入后形式和最终形式之间的结构形式的差异，包括挠度，收缩和膨胀。

A full picture captured with a laser scanner shows post pour compliance, post prop tension and the differential between the two concrete pour stages.

数据驱动的决定

When all four stages are laser scanned and documented, structural deformation risk can be mitigated, even prevented by having complete data from the start. The importance of this documentation is particularly evident for high rise buildings as decisions on whether engineering needs to be modified can be done at the time of the first slab.

Another benefit of having such data is for facility management when it comes to future developments and managing the lifecycle of the building. Whether upgrading an existing facility, altering its intended use, or simply maintaining awareness of its current state, accurate as-built models can be maintained for the lifetime of the facility.

最终，使用激光扫描使设施管理变得更加容易 - 使建筑所有者对其设施有了全面的看法，并为他们提供了全面的数据来做出决策。