Speeding up BIM-reconstruction of historical building with laser scanning

作者：Mikhail Anikushkin，Sergey Kotelnikov

It is challenging to meet quality requirements for reconstruction and modernisation of complex buildings projects. The more complex the building, the more time architects spend measuring. Manual measurements are, moreover, usually inaccurate and incomplete if access to certain parts of the structure is difficult to reach.

但是，是否有更好的方法来衡量和获取最新的AS构建文档？

Thereconstruction of a 100-year-old historical building, located in the centre of Moscow, would have been a long and winding road if real estate developer, KR Properties, had not turned to 3D laser scanning experts at Trimetari Consulting. The laser scanning firm was able to obtainup-to-date as-built documentationwith point cloud data, creating 3D models that allowed the reconstruction of a neglected two-storied building, with a former wine store on the first floor and wine stock in the basement, into exclusive loft-apartments.

历史建筑：通过激光扫描的3个步骤

一般重建设计师的建筑和工程局Alllevels注意到历史建筑的地下室的布局复杂，墙壁不均匀，并且偏离了垂直方向。自2013年以来，Alllevels自2013年以来的建筑信息建模（BIM）经验，选择激光扫描作为有效的测量工具，而Trimetari Consulting LLC作为服务提供商。

该项目已通过三个步骤实施：

• 建筑物的激光扫描
• Data processing to obtain a 3D BIM model and panoramas
• Reconstruction work of the project.

Field work and pre-processing: 10 times faster

With a surface of7000平方米, the basement, two floors, and roof, werelaser scanned during three days通过两次陆地激光扫描仪。由于高速，准确性和全景图像，Leica Scanstation P20是一个很好的解决方案。根据建筑师的计算，传统的测量至少要进行一个月。

After Leica Cyclone REGISTER, software for registering and georeferencing laser scan data to a common coordinate system, data were exported both as spherical panoramas to Leica TruView and as coloured point clouds to Autodesk design software packages.

设计师的3D模型Truview Panoramas用于工程师和团队

The first and most important task for data processing is to get an actual as-built model of the building in Autodesk Revit. To accelerate the process, Leica CloudWorx for Revit plug-in was used to automate the structures modelling, and efficiently visualise and create BIM models from large point cloud data sets, creating 2D and 3D drawings with Autodesk Revit.

Point clouds and as-builts model allow to calculate reconstruction works costs. For the reconstruction in Autodesk Revit, a very useful stage tool允许在项目中指定工作的关键阶段，并将对象的勃起和拆除链接到它们。因此，所有类型的作品的完整模型是在一个文件中形成的，具有精确的文档和规格。所有构造的对象都是在新建筑and all existing objects receive the stage of existing，并且，如有必要，可以指示拆除。这不仅可以记录不同的阶段，还可以通过任何元素显示设置接收规格和三维视图。

此外，许多简单的测量任务是通过仅在Truview中使用球形全景来解决的。使用数字现实数据访问，查看，分析和协作的软件对于分析地下室中的现有实用程序特别有用。

“It was the first reconstruction project, in my practice, that does not require any additional final measurement. If we need something, it was enough to open TruView or use the point cloud. No need to go onsite more than one time,”said Alexander Sokolov, main architect of Alllevels bureau.

The software allows to view panoramas from any laser scanner, make measurements and insert annotations, simplifying interaction with the customer and teamwork. Engineers can look and measure in detail using spherical panoramas in the office, significantly reducing labour costs.

New time schedule for reconstruction with laser scanning

这座历史建筑的重建是一个明显的例子，说明地理空间测量技术如何加快重建的作用。多亏了激光扫描和点云软件，project was completed in only three months, which is significantly faster than a traditional approach:

• Field work was completed in three working days instead of a month
• 3D model creation took 30 days instead of three months
• Design was completed in two months instead of four months.

数据处理的最后阶段和图纸和模型的创建是一个长期的过程，尤其是在需要其他测量和重新计算的情况下。这些问题是通过激光扫描解决的，不仅可以自动化测量过程，而且可以以适当的格式提供输出数据。

Laser scanning is the most suitable technology for designers and architects, offering the following advantages:

• Accuracy and level of detail
• Speed
• High automation during the field work
• Strong interaction with CAD environment.

A BIM reconstruction and modernisation project, based on laser scanning data, is not only fast and accurate, but also enables a new level of design workflow and interaction between all project stakeholders.