参考站用户策略在构造环境中

Case Study

作者:Penny Boviatsou

地震是对构造板之间运动的反应。随着两个板以稳定的速度一起推动,沿板边界的岩石变得越来越压力,直到最终必须给出东西为止 - 地震沿着板边界区域的某个地方发生。

New Zealand lies at the edge of both the Australian and Pacific tectonic plates. The Australian and Pacific plates push against each other along a curving boundary and generally don't move smoothly past each other. They move in a series of small rapid motions, each of which is accompanied by earthquakes.

SmartFix基于世界上最大的参考站网络HXGN SmartNet,是新西兰最广泛的GNSS参考站网络,在全国范围内拥有70多个电台。SmartFix提供百分钟水平,实时运动学校正,后处理解决方案和子级GIS校正。HXGN SmartNet是一款集成的24/7 GNSS网络RTK和校正服务,构建在世界上最大的参考网络上,可实现具有GNSS能力的设备,以快速确定精确的位置。

“Providing a real-time kinematic (RTK) correction service over the internet and RINEX files for post processing, our customers can enjoy the benefits of SmartFix,” said Bruce Robinson, director at Global Survey Limited. “If their GPS or GNSS receiver can connect to the internet, SmartFix can deliver the data they need.”


地震摇晃新西兰

策略

新西兰有两种类型的地震。北岛下方的深层地震形成了一个定义明确的乐队(地震区),从马尔伯勒(Marlborough)穿过怀特岛(White Island)。浅层地震往往发生在这个地震带的东南部,而较深的地震发生在西北。

新西兰Geonet是地震委员会(EQC),GNS科学和新西兰土地信息之间的合作伙伴关系,监视该国所有地质危害,每天将50至80次地震定位,每年约20,000。地震可以在新西兰任何时候发生。

这些地震正在不断改变新西兰的形状,尽管许多机芯又小且无情,但它是连续的,结果是可感知的,可测量的,并且可以局部变化。可测量和可变零件是参考站网络SmartFix需要处理的内容。

There are many examples of rapid movements that combine lateral and vertical movements. Such movements are clearly not uniformed; this variability creates challenges for those who need to establish reliable survey control or those who run reference station networks.


研究地震活动

策略

尽管在澳大利亚和太平洋构造板块的影响下,新西兰在不断地移动和变形,但该国的数据旨在为功能提供不断变化的坐标。

基准定义了与物理位置有关的坐标,纵向和纬度或高度。预测是代表基准位置的不同方式,例如,如地形图上使用的北ing和往东。他们一起定义了新西兰的坐标系。

To manage this deformation, the datum itself is moving and deforming along with the New Zealand land mass – it is a “plate-fixed” datum.

新西兰数据被称为NZGD2000,该数据基于2000年1月1日在功能上的位置上基于1996年的国际地面参考框架(ITRF)。由于基准为变形,NZGD2000坐标不再反映出真实位置相对于彼此的点。

但是,局部变形很小,对于大多数应用,变形可以并且被忽略。这允许直接从NZGD2000坐标计算距离,轴承和区域。但是,该变形需要由参考站管理员不断解决和管理。

自2000年以来,忽略变化的错误每年不超过一毫米。定期应用变形模型来考虑由于地震而导致的变形,以计算NZGD2000坐标,并且随着变形模型的测量变得更多准确的。


在新西兰运行参考站时面临挑战

策略

The NZGD2000 datum was set on January 1, 2000 – the last time everything fit together nicely. Since 2000, New Zealand has had 17.5 years of differential movement, and while the coordinates of the mark have not changed, the relative position has. A point surveyed today, from three different reference stations, will likely have three different NZGD2000 coordinates dependant on the reference station used.

Robinson说:“客户的教育是新西兰SmartFix管理员职位的主要组成部分,因为我们正在吸引用户来了解电台选择的大地测量含义。”

第二个挑战是获得并选择Leica GNSS Spider参考站软件所需的参考站的两个坐标。这两个坐标是当前的时期坐标,以确保网络的可靠性和NZGD2000坐标的可靠性。GNSS蜘蛛解决方案是一个集成软件套件,用于集中控制和操作GNSS参考站和网络,并帮助管理新西兰等复杂环境。


可靠有效的解决方案

Using a network like HxGN SmartNet (SmartFix in New Zealand) saves field crews time as it precludes the setup of separate base stations, and it avoids the risk of having control fail due to a damaged or stolen base and removes the issues of radio interference. Surveyors have long used GNSS networks to save time and money as well as remove potential sources of error.

而不是随身携带:

  • GPS接收器
  • batteries and cables
  • two radios
  • 三脚架和杆子
  • 并为每个项目建立自己的本地基础,

网络用户只需携带带有内部调制解调器或外部手机的GPS或GNSS智能天线(Rover),然后使用该设备快速访问永久参考站网络。这些永久电台的组合数据用于生成RTK校正,并在比传统无线电解决方案更大的距离下提供准确的定位。

“At Survey Global we are committed to the growth of the SmartFix (SmartNet) network,” said Robinson. “It enables our customers to get reliable and repeatable NZGD2000 coordinates, despite the tectonic challenges, and for the user it makes them more efficient, allowing them to complete projects on time and on budget.”

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