Digging deeper with monitoring

Author:Martin Rub, Lidija Špiranec & Katja Omlor

Swiss Federal Railways (SBB)与温特图尔市一起启动了一个长期扩张项目，以提高温特图尔火车站的性能。Due to the increasing number of passengers deciding to go with this environmentally-friendly transport alternative – daily around 120.000 people – Switzerland’s fourth-largest railway station required a larger pedestrian underpass in the North for better entrances to the platforms, as well as an adjacent bicycle tunnel which connects the two parts of the city and is also leading to a large bicycle garage. The planned new pedestrian and bicycle underpass also included various stores for an enhanced shopping experience. For this complex project – especially when stopping the rail traffic was not an option – the SBB contractedArgeSTRABurg（Strabag AG和Burger Stahlbau AG）构造部分，而TerradataAGwas chosen by the Contractor for the entire monitoring and surveying scope of the project.

The expansion has a functional and visual undertone: asides to raising the quality of travelling and living, this project is supposed to help turn the Winterthur train station into an attractive city gate entrance, connecting the old town centre and the new part of the city. The new pedestrian and bicycle underpass, a new logistic centre and an underground parking spot for cyclists will increase passengers’ safety and comfort when choosing this type of transport.

Whenever a project touches people’s lives, especially in terms of their safety, selecting the best partners is of utmost importance.

高安全要求的大胆项目

Winterthur火车站的新的行人地下通道“ Nord”在现有的七个铁轨下通过。为此目的，工程联盟包括Locher Ingenieure AG，，，，F. Preisig AGand10:8 Architekten GmbH，，，，created a concept of a 50-metre wide corridor - with 14 temporary railway bridges overpassing it during the four years of construction. Moreover, to safely guide the pedestrians during the duration of the project,PUWIengineering consortium planned a separate temporary steel bridge for the pedestrians. This temporary bridge needs to be monitored for safety reasons, too. Finally, this complex project also encompasses an existing car park above the train station, including an access ramp. The parking deck will be statically laying on top of the train station. In the underpassing area, the pillars have to temporarily support the construction of the new underpass ceiling and the pre-mentioned pillars for the parking deck.

Figure1：Cross-section of the new underpass and the temporarily supporting micropiles for the parking deck framework above. The visualisation also shows the parking deck and the temporary bridge (left and right) including anchors. The coloured points emphasise the monitored points. Drawing by Locher Ingenieure AG.

During the construction, settlement and displacements of the operating tracks，，，，the temporary bridges and the existing parking deck, overlaying the train station, have to be permanently monitored every 15 minutes.

由于铁路需要保持完全运行和安全，监视系统Terradata已安装的警报在检测到定义阈值之外的运动后立即发送警报。这个复杂的项目不仅结合了测量轨道变形，还结合了在停车甲板进行全面大修期间监视其他建筑过程的。由于这些原因，临时桥梁在各端都通过磁反射棱镜（蓝点）监测。在临时桥的前后，每4.8 m（蓝点）对铁轨进行一次监测。支撑停车甲板的临时支柱（洋红色点），在四个不同的高度水平上进行监测，以检测可能的定居点，同时挖掘其微孔。

Figure2：Terradata’s concept for measuring all the coloured monitoring points.Drawing by Locher Ingenieure AG.

The mo精密的区域也必须扩展到邻近的建筑物，以防止结构性破坏并确保人们的安全。Terradata AG使用大地和岩土监测传感器收集数据。根据收集的数据，计算了3D变形（例如铁路轨道的扭曲和沉降和其他典型的铁路参数）。

Figure3：Leica Geosystems监视天花板安装板上的总站。

Figure4：Left: A train passes the temporary bridges, supported by micropiles. Right: The transition zone of the track ballasts onto the temporary steel bridges. Both structures are measured by Leica total stations every 15 minutes over three years.

监视超级包装

Terradatarelies on Leica Geosystems’ total stations and its GeoMoS monitoring solution for automatic deformation monitoring, one of the crucial parts being theLeica Nova TM50监视总站。它是监视铁路运营的最佳工具 - 快速而安静，几乎没有被平台上的乘客注意到。

为Winterthur现场选择的设备组合是：

• 7Leica Geosystemsautomated monitoring total stations
• 420 glass precise reflective prisms
• 25hydrostatic levels for building subsidence monitoring
• 20 pressure sensors to monitor load
• 2vibration sensors to monitor structural vibration
• 40 crack meters to monitor the impact of underpinning the railway building
• 20 tilt sensors to monitor micropiles

Figure5：Left: BIM model of the underpinning construction of the railway building with its micropiles. Right: Excavation work where the building was pressed onto the temporary micropiles (BIM byF. Preisig AG）。

Figure6：Tedamos(Swiss Monitoring Solution by Terradata) Web Viewer with all measurements for the underpinning of the railway building. Two 3D Leica total stations monitored the façade. A water levelling system monitored the height of the existing building, and the expanding way of the 40 hydraulic presses was measured by crack meters. Biaxial MEMS sensors monitored the inclination of the micropiles. The monitoring project was continuous (24/7) with a measuring interval of up to 1 minute while activating the load presses.

Figure7：Example of the deformation time series of one parking deck monitoring point, showing seasonal effects (expanding and shrinking) of the steel structure (dL component) and the alarm levels in yellow, orange and red.

Figure8：Leica Geosystemsmonitoring total station on a slanted pillar.

选择合适的合作伙伴

TerradataAG，，，，瑞士’s largest provider of surveying and monitoring services, took on this exciting monitoring challenge.

“我们的解决方案针对早期检测和防御against potential dangers – we are specialised in ensuring safety where structures, infrastructures, soil and natural hazards play the main role,” said Martin Rub, Teamleader Monitoring. “The railway project in Winterthur allows us to apply our entire set of equipment and software. We’ve chosen Leica Geosystems’ monitoring solution because we always strive to keep our competitive edge.”

The main reason for choosing Leica Geosystems’ products was the quality of their total stations. In addition to the specialised Leica Geosystems monitoring software, Terradata also uses its proprietary developmentTedamos（Terradata的瑞士监控解决方案）可视化数据。

Figure9：In addition to automatic monitoring, a vast number of manual deformation monitoring tasks are performed.

Innovation is the only future-proof strategy

Terradata AG拥有一个强大的公司座右铭：“我们衡量和文件 - 无论建筑物和土壤在任何地方都起着主要作用。”后者与Leica Geosystems的口号完美联系，“当必须正确时。”在复杂监控项目中，强大的设备合作伙伴关系意味着客户需要能够依靠24/7的设备。Terradata AG急切地期望在通信部分中进一步的技术创新。Leica Geosystems期待着其他令人兴奋的项目，这些项目可以通过行业领先的硬件，软件和服务来确保安全，全部提供顶级monitoring solutions。

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