检查大坝是否可持续水力发电

Author: Anne Pitkaenen

When you approach Lai da Nalps, a reservoir in the municipality of Tujetsch, Grisons, Switzerland, the massive dam structure of 127 metres height and 480 metres width opens majestically already from the distance. The large arch dam is built for hydroelectric power generation at almost 2,000 m above the sea level. Hydropower is considered the backbone of today’s high security of electricity supply in Switzerland.

Lai Da Nalps is located close to the Gotthard tunnel, this and other dams nearby are monitored automatically for acute movements and changes. In addition to the detailed monitoring, an inspection of the dam construction is done visually to document the condition for long-term understanding of the dam’s health.

大坝由瑞士水力发电的最大电力生产商Axpo Group运营。该公司还负责使用道路，桥梁，水坝湖，发电厂和大坝的周围地区的检查和开发。

大坝的混凝土结构旨在承受极端的负载，仅每10000年就会发生一次。这将确保它不会冒着山谷人民的生命和生计的风险。多么强烈的建筑，大坝及其周围环境的行为以及建筑状态被Axpo人员强烈地观察到。

AXPO拥有一个由测量师组成的内部团队，其中三名培训用于使用Leica Aibot进行测量任务。AXPO的工程测量师Thorsten Zimmer负责Lai da Nalps的检查项目。

“使用无人机扩大了我们可以用于日常任务的可用设备技术工具箱。bob apple总站，GNSS Rovers和较小的无人机对我们来说是常见的工具，因为它是Leica Aibot，”said Zimmer.

大坝检查中的游戏规则技术

在使用无人机进行测量之前，用于大坝检查目的的一种选择是从大坝下方和周围的山墙拍摄图像。对于Lai da Nalps大小的大坝，测量师偶尔不得不爬上周围的山丘，正确放置相机并拍照，最后覆盖了整个墙壁。另一种选择是沿着大坝的外部上下移动，站在篮子或缆车内，并记录那里的所有内容。即使有精确的计划和完美的位置，这些方法也非常耗时，有时甚至是危险的，并且无法像从大约10 m的距离处朝着大坝面对大坝相处的高度详细的图像和质量结果。

在拥有Leica Aibot之前，AXPO团队已经是Aibotix Aibot X6的用户，他们使用了几年的测量。现在是时候升级了，因为飞行时间开始成为以前的Aibot的挑战。以前在大规模检查中 - 由于可实现的飞行时间较短 - 一个人负责为电池充电。有了新的Leica Aibot测量师，可以利用更多的时间和精力来关注检查，而不仅仅是将系统保持在空中。

用莉卡·艾博特（Leica Aibot）进行调查

计划使用AIBOT每五年进行一次无人机检查。对大坝的检查需要两到三天，总飞行时间约为10个小时。在飞行过程中，Aibot每两秒钟拍摄一次自动图像，使飞行员能够专注于以恒定的高度和距离墙壁附近的距离飞行。检查是一项两人的工作：一个人在无人机上运营，重点是飞行位置，速度和身高，而另一个人则观察周围环境，重点是拍摄的照片的质量和重叠以及电池。

Axpo uses a Leica Aibot AX20 UAV solution equipped with Sony α7RII sensor and a 55 mm lens. The 42 MP and crisp clear images ensure that data and results are accurate. To create an accurate and reliable point cloud, Axpo uses a Leica Nova TS60 total station to measure control points for post-processing of the data. The dam has several visible elements that can be used as control points, to be able to position and scale the point cloud. Measuring and documenting the control points can be done before, in between or after the flights.

“The conditions at the dam are challenging because of the sheer size or the arching dam and limited access to GPS. We needed a stable UAV that the pilot can easily operate because sometimes one has to fly without the assistance of GPS yet still holding the UAV in a stable and safe position. We use Leica Aibot because it is easy and safe to operate along our large dams and because we are able to have high-resolution images of the outside faces of our dams, which are needed to achieve the level of detail we require for the end result and the final 3d-model”评论Zimmer。As surveyors we usually choose the solution that fits for the task: for some tasks we use for instance a total station, a scanner or a smaller UAV, especially for indoor inspections, and for other projects the Aibot is the right solution – or even a combination of all”.

在一年中无雪的时候，测量师忙于对水坝进行检查。收集到的数据和图像将在冬季被地质学家和测量师进行分析。结果是对大坝的长期分析的一部分，以计划如果需要进行任何预防性翻新以及何时进行预防性翻新。

Endless possibilities

Surveying UAVs change the geospatial industry and offer enormous potentials for surveyors. Axpo uses the Aibot for the inspection of several active dams and for other indoor and outdoor surveying projects.

1. 该公司使用Leica Aibot检查大坝的无法接近的部分。一旦水位较低，团队就会检查通常在水下的大坝结构。浸没结构的目视检查是通过将无人无人机检查技术和载人检查结合起来完成的。
2. 洪水建模也是无人机减轻与大坝溢出有关的风险的有趣项目。地质学家研究可能滑入大坝湖的潜在危险的土地和岩石。计算这些卷，然后用于仔细的何种分析。
3. 建筑项目和支持他们的基础设施是AXPO的大型测量项目，也可以由无人机捕获的数据支持。
4. Axpo also uses the Aibot for documentation of river banks by flying along inaccessible areas and for certain planning purposes.

“ Leica Aibot是一种适合我们目的的解决方案，尤其是针对大型大坝的大型和详细的检查。有趣的是，Leica Aibot的多功能性以及我们的团队可以使用多少方式，”总结说Zimmer。

阅读有关我们在我们的Leica Aibot的更多信息product website.