Two Domestic Terrorist Attacks Documented with Leica ScanStation

德克萨斯州警察局基林（Killeen）使用Leica Geosystems 3D扫描仪在犯罪现场映射两起臭名昭著的备受瞩目的事件中起着至关重要的作用：FT。胡德射击和自杀飞机坠毁进入德克萨斯州IRS大楼。

Killeen, Texas—Shortly after 1:30 on the afternoon of November 5, 2009, police at the sprawling U.S. Army base at Fort Hood, Texas, alerted area law enforcement agencies of an active shooter on the post —possibly more than one— resulting in mass casualties. Within minutes, Dennis Baldwin, Chief of Police of Killeen, a city of 130,000 directly adjacent to the post, set up an Incident Command Center and contacted the Fort Hood police to offer assistance.

A 27-year veteran with the Killeen Police Department, Chief Baldwin is no stranger to horrific crimes. Eighteen years earlier a deranged man had crashed his pick-up into nearby Luby’s Restaurant where he then used two semi-automatic pistols to kill 23 people and wound 20 more before committing suicide. That event stood as the deadliest shooting incident by a single gunman in U.S. history until the 2007 Virginia Tech massacre of 32 students and staff.

“Several of us had been through the Luby’s massacre,” Baldwin explained,” And we knew what people were going through on the scene. In those situations there’s a lot of confusion and misinformation at first. We knew the best thing was to lend a hand but don’t get in the way.”

胡德堡当局要求一个战术响应团队，并协助阻止流量进入该职位。战术响应部门做出了回应，以协助确保该地区并寻找其他嫌疑人，而周围机构则协助KPD在邮政入口附近的交通管理方面进行了交通管理。胡德堡是世界上最大的军事装置之一，覆盖350平方英里，是55,000名军事人员的所在地。此后不久，基地的刑事调查部门提出了鲍德温酋长的第二次请求：将其部门的法医团队与最近收购的Leica Geosystems的3D激光扫描仪一起发送。

“We were the first—and at that time the only—agency here in Texas to have a scanner, and the Fort Hood police had become aware of its remarkable capabilities,” Baldwin said. “We immediately deployed our team.”

“我们有枪击事件后,一小时内”remembers Detective Keith Drozd (rhymes with rose), who led the team. “It was a very high-stress environment with people running around everywhere. Certainly the largest crime scene I’ve ever been on—a row of six buildings the length of a football field and almost as wide, a parking lot on either side of the buildings. Outside there was medical paraphernalia everywhere, blood everywhere on the ground. Windows broken where people had thrown chairs through the glass to escape. The dead were still inside the building, but the shooter had also come outside and shot people. A few of the wounded were still on the ground being treated.”

Drozd and his team went to work, scanning both inside the buildings and outside, taking advantage of the ScanStation’s robust long-range measurement capability. Their mapping work was crucial. Although the FBI, which soon took charge of the investigation, had several laser scanners, two were in use in Iraq and the others were back at FBI headquarters in Virginia. Regional agency investigators had only a total station, which they brought to the scene.

“我们结束后第二天,扫描,我们米et with an FBI computer technician,” Drozd recalls. “He works a lot with CAD programs (Computer Assisted Design) and we were able to download to his computer all the scan data we had collected. We later learned that (with a technical assist from Leica Geosystems) the FBI was able to generate an impressive presentation that they showed to President Obama during a White House briefing. It was an honor to have given them that data to show the president.”

Drozd认为，即使在全国范围内在充满电的环境中工作时，Leica Scanstation的易用性也使他的团队充满信心。“我无法想象如果没有这个士兵扫描仪，记录像胡德堡这样的犯罪现场会有多大的困难。仅使用胶带措施，总站和铅鲍勃将花费我们的日子。借助扫描仪，即使您的焦虑水平很高，并且要正确的压力，您也知道这是一种非常容易的操作工具。”

鲍德温酋长同意：“胡德堡枪击事件，凭借其巨大的犯罪现场，确实向我们展示了莱卡扫描仪的巨大能力。我们地区的机构很快就意识到该技术对于绘制这些非常困难的犯罪现场的绘制非常重要。”

A little more than three months after the Fort Hood shooting, the Killeen Police Department’s forensic team was again asked to assist with a high-profile incident, this one in Austin, Texas, just 75 miles south of Killeen. At 9:56 a.m. on February 18, 2010, a suicidal, disgruntled tax payer, Andrew Joseph Stack, deliberately flew his Piper Dakota airplane into a seven-story office building containing the field office of the Internal Revenue Service. The collision caused a huge fireball and explosion that led to later speculation that Stack had replaced the passenger seats on his plane with drums of aviation fuel before taking off. The crash killed Stack and an IRS office worker and wounded 13 others, two seriously. Detective Drozd and three detectives responded immediately.

As it happened, at the time of the crash the FBI’s major incident crime scene investigation unit was holding a staff meeting at its regional office in the building right next door. The chief investigator, who was familiar with the Killeen Police Department’s outstanding work with its Leica 3D laser scanner during the Fort Hood incident, immediately contacted the KPD and asked for their forensic team and scanner to come to the crash scene. Detective Drozd and three detectives responded immediately.

Arriving on scene, Drozd once again found himself working literally in the glare of spotlights surrounded by a media circus. “There were plenty of news trucks with satellite dishes and reporters and camera crews everywhere. The whole front of the building was shattered, blown and burned. We set up just outside the perimeter of a debris field that was about seventy yards wide and sixty yards deep. Filing cabinets, office furniture, glass and wreckage that had been blown from the building were scattered everywhere.”

Drozd的团队很快与Austin居民和Leica Geosystems培训师Karen Hughes一起加入，他距IRS大楼仅15分钟路程，并自愿提供扫描期间可能需要的任何帮助。他们这次面临的犯罪现场与胡德堡的环境有很大不同。在这里，主要的重点是在第三和第四层之间建筑物正面的一个大空洞。

“Just behind us was a large dirt embankment, maybe thirty feet high,” Drozd explained. “What had happened was the plane actually hit the embankment first and exploded—the front end of the aircraft bounced up and into the window while the back end hit a large steel support beam. We were facing a forensic scene unlike any we’d had before.”

“There was no possible way that investigators could have mapped the damage to the side of that building with traditional measuring tools, let alone even accessed it,” Drozd explained. “The collision opening was three stories above us and no one was allowed inside until engineers had determined it would not collapse. We worked our way across the building front and captured multiple scans. The Leica ScanStation performed flawlessly.”

扫描扫描仪的数据文件和奥斯丁犯罪现场的数据文件都是两种事件中收集的证据的重要因素。在胡德堡枪击案中，一名袭击者陆军少校尼达尔·哈桑（Nidal Hasan）被指控。该案件尚未进行审判，但左撇子扫描数据文件将用于生成许多展览，以便在该法院进行。

鲍德温酋长解释说：“不管我们的侦探造成了什么罪行，无论是什么罪行，都很高兴知道雷卡扫描仪能够处理它。该系统易于使用，并快速提供法医映射，并允许侦探实际上“返回”犯罪现场进行调查。我的侦探认为这确实是一个了不起的系统。此外，没有更好的方法可以在法庭上提出案件。”

While the Killeen Police Department has used its Leica 3D scanner on numerous major crimes, its successful experience deploying the system in the extremely challenging crime scene environments presented by the Fort Hood shooting and the Austin plane crash provided a powerful validation of the Leica ScanStation’s formidable capabilities. “Unfortunately in today’s society, we are seeing horrific crimes committed,” Chief Baldwin concluded. “These crime scenes can be very difficult to process. Having a system that can forensically measure these scenes is invaluable to the law enforcement mission. I believe other police chiefs are realizing this
fact, as well.

由托尼·格里西姆（Tony Grissim）撰写