开放世界上最长，最深的铁路隧道，并精确测量

作者：工作人员，十月2016

测量和监测系统使瑞士阿尔卑斯山的Gotthard基座隧道的建设成为可能。该隧道于6月1日开幕，2010年10月15日的突破是由于高度精确的监视和监测技术所致。57公里的长隧道是世界上最长，最深的铁路隧道。

Drilling a 57-kilometre long tunnel starting from both sides of the mountain and meeting in the middle with barely any deviation was a truly challenging task. Highly precise measuring instruments were needed to successfully accomplish the project.

测量到毫米精度

在隧道现场，测量联盟VI-GBT于1996年开始测量20年前的施工工作。测量工程师建立了一个具有20个参考点的基本网络。为此，他们使用了来自Leica Geosystembob apples的总站或光学测量设备，GPS或GPS或卫星导航解决方案，Leica Geosystems是一家具有瑞士根源的全球公司，传统近200年。

The drilling began not only at the north portal at Erstfeld and at the south portal at Bodio, but also at three intermediary points where side channels joined the main tunnel: Amsteg, Sedrun and Faido. In Sedrun (1,405 metres), a vertical tunnel 800 m long was drilled down to the main tunnel so construction workers could push north as well as south from that point.

During tunnel construction, surveying and measuring tasks had to be repeated every 400 metres. In order to make sure the tunnel was precisely on course, the surveyors had to check coordinates of the reference points. In addition, the exact height had to be measured with levelling devices – also from Leica Geosystems.

VI-GBT的测量工程师Ivo Schaetti说：“当我们在2010年10月15日在隧道中间闯入隧道中间时，两个隧道截面的偏差仅为8厘米，而25厘米的偏差将被容忍。”。他解释说，由于温度变化，湿度和灰尘，测量隧道非常要求。

Schaetti补充说：“值得庆幸的是，我们总是可以依靠Leica Geosystems的测量解决方案的准确性。”“它们非常精确。您可以测量400米的距离，精度小于毫米。”

探索下一章：Monitoring the dams above the tunnel

故事: Opening the world’s longest, deepest rail tunnel with precise measurement
第1章：降至毫米的精度
第2章：Monitoring the dams above the tunnel
第3章：瑞士的传统