保存罗马尼亚的speleological Heritage和Point Cloud和GNSS数据

案例分析

作者:乔治·达米安(George Damian),雷纳塔·巴拉达斯(Renata Barradas)

3D激光扫描提供了一种高分辨率的非侵入性文档方法,可以理解自然和文化遗址,并管理其自然和人造威胁的暴露。不同领域的研究人员正在使用该技术解锁众多应用,就像使用激光扫描数据以毫米级别准确性研究和测量洞穴的Speleologist,以非侵入性的方式进行测量。点云数据允许专家提取制图信息并计算区域和卷,以研究洞穴中地形和测深特征的演变。

为了保存和了解罗马尼亚的杂种遗产,顶级地理,Leica Geosystems在罗马尼亚的经销商,Laser扫描了Meziad Cave,这是西方喀尔巴阡山脉的6,298米自然奇观。Meziad Cave是罗马尼亚旅游业的第一个洞穴,以其壮观的地下景观而闻名。该洞穴也是东南欧洲最大的蝙蝠殖民地之一和微观特有生物的所在地(其中一些被限制在Meziad Cave上)。

这项高分辨率3D文档旨在准确捕获该地点的复杂性,并引入积极的保护措施,以维护或恢复现场,然后进行任何考古学和古生物学侵入性研究,以修改原始地点。此外,顶级Geocart创建了3D模型和其他可交付成果,以使其客户Spelemat能够存储,组织和检索信息以进行进一步分析。数据提供了文件并记录了这种自然和文化遗产的原位状态。


洞穴内的任务


Together with specialists of Spelemat, Top Geocart designed the project and planned for this mission inside the earth. This group of specialists, who understand, respect and promote the use of techniques and geospatial data, collected field data without impacting the environment. Besides using non-intrusive/non-invasive techniques, the team also had to consider the right timing to enter the cave as weather and the cave's river flow were crucial factors to succeed in this mission.

Specialists from Top Geocart used best-in-class software and hardware, including:

For point cloud alignment, modelling and GNSS network the team relied on:



该团队通过GNSS Spider Software运行的罗马尼亚国家参考站网络(ROMPOS)的实时更正,通过GS16和GS18 T GNSS RTK ROVERS进行了搜寻,并通过GS16和GS18 T GNSS RTK Rovers进行了地理参考。需要智能链接校正,因为山坡和树木的山区环境阻碍了该区域,并且不时丢失了GSM/GPRS信号。GS16和GS18 T使用SmartLink服务的能力是涵盖这些空白的关键,并且始终具有精确的位置。为了提供最准确的职位,该团队还依靠两位RTK流浪者的Leica RTKPLUS技术,因为它通过选择最佳GNSS信号来智能适应不断变化的条件。


在洞穴的内部,团队带着特殊的衣服和配件穿过河水,以安全地运输设备。在防水容器和漂浮袋的内部,RTC360和BLK360从位置漂移到位置。速度和精度是原始的,同时在10°C度以下的温度下,在胸部上方的水位上扫描。

该团队搭配RTC360搭配RTC360,捕获了洞穴和人工制品的较大部分,在不到两分钟的时间内创建了彩色的3D点云。在RTC360中,扫描速度最高为每秒200万点,高级HDR成像系统和无目标的现场注册,顶级Geocart以每小时750米的速度捕获了洞穴内部感兴趣的位置。


按下按钮,顶部的Geocart捕获了全彩色全景图像,覆盖在高准确点云上的洞穴狭窄部分,最小,最轻的成像激光扫描仪-BLK360。对于那些无法在三脚架上设置激光扫描仪的区域,使用Disto™910进行测量。


任务的可交付成果


Outside of the cave close to the entry, the team automatically and seamlessly transferred data from site to office using Leica Exchange, the exchange service provided by Leica Geosystems, reducing time in the inhospitable environment. Transferring the data easily between the field and the office with Leica Exchange allowed experts to perform a first check of the data onsite with Leica DISTO™ Transfer and Leica DISTO™ Plan App. UsingLeica Cyclone FIELD 360顶级地理automatically pre-registered and aligned scans at the cave's entrance.

Disto应用程序

Back in the office, point cloud data from the BLK360 and RTC360 was registered with Cyclone REGISTER 360. The GNSS data was checked and processed with Infinity software, in the GNSS project were imported the DISTO™ data, too. Together with Spelemat, Top Geocart created a unified point cloud, as Cyclone REGISTER 360 project, and exported in E57 and LGS formats to visualise it withJetstream观看器, a light-weight point cloud viewing tool. The E57 file was imported in Leica Cyclone 3DR to create meshes and compute digital terrain models (DTM) from point clouds.

专家们还创建了2D地形地图和3D DTM,其中包含来自GS16和GS18 T RTK Rovers的数据,以为访问者开发新的曲目和路径。从Disto™S910收集的数据中提取了带有3D点和图片的距离和CAD文件。


提供的数据将支持研究人员,游客和设施经理。它将指导旅游计划的可行性研究,并被用作营销材料,邀请游客探索这种自然的奇迹。Point Cloud交付成果为研究人员提供了洞穴的数字双胞胎,他们可以提取任何配置文件和3D测量。同时,GNSS数据帮助确定了为游客和科学家创造访问权限的领域和途径。

“Leica Geosystems and Top Geocart provide complete software and hardware set for the entire workflow. The sensors have the capabilities to work in difficult environments and meet the highest standards in measurement excellence. The management and specialists fromSpelematadmitted they were capable of working more efficiently and in more challenging environments than ever before,”said Viorel Lascu, cave management expert at Spelemat.

The success of capturing the Meziad Cave convinced Spelemat to invest in RTC360, BLK360, DISTO™ to keep exploring and understanding Romania’s natural wonders.



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