碰撞和犯罪现场测量 - 您准备好制定新的ISO/IEC标准了吗？

By 1 October 2020, crime scene and collision investigators, working in criminal cases, whether police or private, must conform to two global standards. Their laboratory testing must be accredited to ISO/IEC 17025, and their scene examination programmes accredited to ISO/IEC 17020.

那么，为什么会发生这种情况，为什么验证过程很重要？

目前，英国的每支警察部队都有自己的标准操作程序和质量管理系统。设备的类型和品牌之间的差异很大，或两种力量可能具有相同的套件，但使用不同。或同一力中不同的个体可以校准和使用相同的设备不同。

Clearly, despite the best of intentions, there is huge potential for widely differing results. If two investigators were to collect, process and store the forensic evidence from two identical crime scenes, would they achieve the same results? In principle, they should, the chances are that they won’t, and nor would they necessarily be reproducible. After all, this is the evidence on which we build expert opinions for the courts; it can be what leads to right or wrong convictions for the right or wrong suspects. So it matters.

然而，目前缺乏标准化可能会导致法院的错误决定，甚至可能因缺乏可靠的证据而被抛弃。我们所有人所需要的 - 警察，刑事司法系统和公众 - 通过一致的流程和技术实现，对一致的结果保持了一致的信心。

Nowadays, surveying a crime or collision scene has been made simpler, faster and more accurate thanks to 3D laser (or LiDAR) scanning technology, made by companies such as Leica Geosystems. Colin Humphreys, a recently retired forensic investigator with Warwickshire Police, knows how quickly scanners can complete the work: “After a shooting incident, the town centre was closed off and we needed to get the streets reopened as quickly as possible. So I made a call and within a couple of hours, someone from Leica Geosystems had arrived with an RTC360 scanner; in under an hour, we’d scanned the entire scene using more than 25 stations. This was the first time the RTC360 had been used at a crime scene, and actually the data was being used in Crown Court this February – well done, Leica Geosystems!”

新验证过程的重要部分将涉及如何以及何时校准，使用和维护此类测量设备。Anya Hunt博士是特许科学学会（CSF）的首席执行官，并一直与警察局紧密合作，以帮助他们为认证做准备。她解释说：“根据ISO/IEC 17020的要求以及法医科学监管机构的实践和行为守则，必须验证仪器方法。”

她一直在与Leica Geosystems合作，以确定如何使用和使用测量设备，以便犯罪现场调查人员对如何遵守新标准有清晰的状态。“ Leica Geosystems似乎非常重视它。他们已经研究了在静态和动态情况下使用特定类型设备的验证和验证的要求，以及了解相关的挑战。”

在警察方面，弗朗西斯（Frances）的高级职位一直与亨特（Hunt）博士在CSF中联络，以帮助在英格兰和威尔士的部队准备认证。尽管她在西约克郡警察局工作，但她正在借调国家警察局长理事会，并进行了法医碰撞调查。

弗朗西斯（Frances）解释了为什么莱卡（Leica Geosystems）为邀请从事认证项目的制造商之一：“它们是扫描技术的主要供应商之一，以治安，他们非常友善地接受。Leica Geosystems在分享他们的研究和专业知识方面非常有帮助，并且在整个过程中都可以支持该项目并了解法医法规的过程。他们可以指导警察穿越一些我们可能没有内部专业知识或能力的困难领域。他们对我们正在进行的方法验证工作非常慷慨和非常支持。”

英国在Leica Geosystems的犯罪现场和碰撞调查的英国公共安全负责人Mike Skicko负责公司参与验证项目。“几年来，我们一直与英国各地的警察部队紧密合作。我们非常了解调查人员，我们了解他们每天面临的挑战。我们倾听他们的反馈意见，我们很乐意在必要时支持他们。”

“Validation is going to be an extra hurdle for them, so we want to help make it as easy as possible for them to achieve compliance and get back to the normal run of things. It’s a privilege to have been invited to assist, and I really do wish forces the very best in making the transition.”

亨特博士了解到，并非每个人都期待认证过程。“There are negative perceptions around the ongoing workload, but actually once you get used to doing the same method reproducibly, you’ll save time and effort – because you’re doing the same thing every time, rather than perhaps not knowing exactly what you’re doing, or using a number of methods, or doing it in a non-reproducible way. Quality is there to support us, and to give the public and the courts confidence in the work that we do.”

Dan Sharp trained as a surveyor before joining the imaging unit at West Yorkshire Police, where he manages a team of crime scene surveyors. He accepts that validation will be hard work to begin with, but sees its value. “It will be a lot of work initially achieving the ISO accreditation, and it’s going to have an operational impact on our day-to-day work. It's a necessity though, and will help us improve and standardise our outputs.

“它将保护我们的官员和员工，因此我们可以进入法院并说我们有ISO证书，以证明我们的流程是准确和有效的。而目前，重点是该官员的经验和他们的专业知识 - 但这已经接近了这是不够的。您将需要一些认证文书工作，这将是ISO认证过程。”

Colin Humphreys (ex- Warwickshire Police), agrees. “There needs to be confidence in anyone using that kit, so at the end they can say, ‘I used it correctly, I followed the methodology, and that's going to be accepted by the courts. In the long-term, it can only be positive.’ ”

“证人盒是一个孤独的地方。您独自站在那儿，您所拥有的只是您写的报告。遵守标准将意味着您可以对自己的工作充满信心。您可以站在那儿感觉不那么孤立。”
- 特许科学学会首席执行官Anya Hunt博士

“作为警务扫描技术的主要供应商之一，Leica Geosystems在为该项目提供专业知识和技术方面非常慷慨。”
- Frances Senior，NPCC专业能力的法医碰撞调查负责人

“ Leica Geosystems在理解验证和验证的需求方面似乎已经领先于曲线。”
- 特许科学学会首席执行官Anya Hunt博士