Leica RTC360激光扫描仪的火灾现场调查
Why Dubai Police uses state-of-the-art 3D technology for documentation of incidents
Examination and documentation of the scene is a vital phase in any reported fire or explosion incident.f类型和调查的范围不同rom case to case, that’s why for the investigators it is crucial to follow standardised procedures and rely on best-in-class, proven and fast-working equipment.
在场景上处理物理证据时，每个研究者都有4个基本但重要的步骤：
- Identify, Collect, and Preserve Evidence
- 防止污染
- 包装和运输证据
- 建立和维护监护链
在对火灾或纵火景观的法医调查中，正确保存证据至关重要。因此，需要精确的站点测量。结果可能是a multi-dimensional再生产of the collected evidence。In this article, we will talk about step one, especially the digital preservation of evidence of a fire or arson scene.
It has been a known challenge to forensic specialists to capture a wide range of rather complex, post-incident features of structural damage of a building and debris thoroughly, given the short time frame for the collection and the complexities associated with safety on-site. Likewise, hazardous environments and the nature of a fire or arson scene might be of an additional challenge for the investigators. That’s why the use of terrestrial laser scanning technologies (fast and accurate scanning from a safe distance) has been of interest to the wider forensic engineering community.
传统的方法，包括使用SLR摄像机捕获的图像或现场手动收集的证据，可能会因某些限制因素（例如天气，光线，辐射和其他条件）而变得危险和费力。
For example, in post-explosion investigations, it is crucial to study the impact of shock waves, the severity of the damage, and the directions of the falling debris. Without accurate documentation of the scene, these might be difficult to observe in later investigative stages, along with the chance of missing evidence becoming much higher. In large-scale accidents, even the most experienced investigators are bound to mistakes and can’t fully ensure, that they have all the observations well-documented. They possibly could miss measuring some of the important details of the incident, whilst the site is being cleaned and reconstructed by the other parties involved.
与传统的场景映射和分析方法相比，3D激光扫描可用于更具包容性的火灾或纵火事件。3D激光扫描仪Leica RTC360，无论环境条件和现场范围如何，都可以轻松地以速度，全面性和0.1英寸的精度捕获细节和空间关系。法医软件，例如Leica Map360可以将收集的扫描数据直接与CCTV素材，图像和其他相关文档集成到分析和假设的模型中。可以轻松地从犯罪/消防实验室或其他任何地方的计算机中访问数据分析的结果，从而提供一种简单易用的方式，可在需要时恢复细节。大火发生几周或几个月的事件。
少校（博士）Mohammad A. Alqassim来自迪拜警察局领导了一支法医专家在调查大火，收集的证据分析或调查刑事司法信息系统中的使用团队。阿尔卡西姆少校和他的团队多年来，一直在利用各种便携式和舞台安装的3D扫描仪进行案例调查，旨在在其团队的日常工作中实施新技术以收集最佳成绩。
迪拜的主要挑战之一是具有挑战性的现场条件，包括环境，例如高温，灰尘/烟熏环境，超高湿度。这些可能会阻止调查人员按预期完成工作。迪拜警方正在寻找能够应对具有挑战性的环境并仍然提供结果的设备，他们可以依靠能力来降雨/水溅起和延长的温度范围。
在大火扑灭期间，不得限制消防员及其巡逻的运动以促进准确的准确证据定位，以避免进一步的调查延迟。对于调查人员而言，捕获站点的每一个延迟都可能阻止许多所需的信息。该站点可能会从其最初的情况中改变。在这种情况下，最大的挑战是使用3D激光扫描仪快速获得尽可能清洁的数据（点云）。在现场完成扫描后，注册和标记捕获的信息发生在办公室中，并由技术专家执行以可视化扫描结果。
Leica RTC360 3D激光扫描仪于2018年中推出，以应对这些挑战ith its new features including the VIS technology (Visual Inertial System), enclosed mirror, and full-time HDR photography. Auto-calibration (“check and adjust”) features of the device ensure consistent accurate measurements. The newly added tagging feature allows for the integration of evidence photography, videography and witness testimony in 3D scans using software calledLeica Cyclone FIELD 360。RTC360激光扫描仪中的双重扫描可能性是捕获可捕获调查人员的关键功能之一。最后，随着RTC360激光扫描仪的启动，所有调查人员的要求和申请都得到了解决。
少校（博士）Mohammad A. Alqassim及其团队以及Leica Geosystems的公共安全和法医专家Satendra Kumar博士决定检查该新技术的实施，以捕获事件（现场和办公室）提供音频/视觉场景重建和报告。从2020年初开始，迪拜警察局的法医工程团队一直使用RTC360来捕获，绘制和分析报告的火灾事件。与上一代扫描仪和映射工具相比，RTC360将场景所需的时间缩短了将近一半，以捕获HDR的任何场景。现在，在VIS技术的帮助下实时3D数据可视化和扫描仪跟踪，使研究人员能够更加自信和轻松地捕捉场景。VIS还使研究人员能够在现场自动注册数据。高级图像和视频标记，符号和基于移动应用程序的基于移动应用程序的数据注册360在调查部门的大型机数据库中，在办公室中节省了宝贵的时间来集成点云，证据图像，标签和分析。
结论：
RTC360激光扫描仪确保，通过适当的识别，收集和检查所有相关法医证据，成功地得出了更多的调查。事实证明，激光扫描仪是迪拜警察局的场景文档和法医工程师分析中使用的一流工具改善火灾/纵火场景调查程序的奉献精神是真正的典范
For more information about theLeica RTC360laser scanner and/or fire and arson investigation solutions from Hexagon contact ushere.
关于Mohammad A. Alqassim博士
Mohammad A. Alqassim博士is a renowned and most decorated international forensic engineering expert with more than a Decade of forensic experience in solving crimes related to fire, explosion and engineering. He is currently heading forensic Engineering section of Dubai Police. He holds a doctorate from university of Dundee in Forensic Engineering of Civil Structures and awarded Rashid Award for Scientific Outstanding for his expertise. He is among the very early users of 3D technologies in the region of middle east for forensic investigations and has been part of various high profile and complex investigations related to Arson and structural Collapses across UAE. Dr. Alqassim has been awarded at National and international level for his work in investigation, International Safety Award - Winner – 2020, Parsons August Vollmer Leadership in Forensic Science Award, The Minister of Interior's Research Award, Dubai Medal of Excellence, General Commander Prize and The Minister of Interior's Excellence Award are few of them.
关于博士Satendra Kumar
Satendra Kumar博士是一位国际著名的crime scene expert with 10+ years of experience at various police levels in Asia. His field experience is backed by a master’s and doctorate in forensic investigation specialised in CSI. Currently working as the public safety segment manager for emerging markets and EMEA at Leica Geosystems and volunteering forensics advisor to the India Ministry of IT and Communication. He is among pioneers in the field of 3D scanning for crime scenes of complex nature. he is involved in conducting workshops, trainings for public safety at Interpol and other international police organisations toward enabling state-of-art advance forensic technologies to crime scenes. He has been awarded at various international levels and appreciated from the cabinets of various nations for his contributions in the field of public safety across Asia, Middle East and Africa. He holds various accolades in the field of anti-terrorism, counter-terrorism, explosion dynamics and understanding criminal behaviour from United States.
