监视Dublin commuters’ safety

Author:Renata Barradas Gutiérrez

Cities worldwide need to build, maintain and expand infrastructure, especially public transportation systems, to move people, be they businessman, shoppers or students, to keep a country and its economy going.

But,您是否曾经想过是什么是在安全地搬到城市的背后？尽管最有可能首先想到建筑物或维修基础设施，但还有其他关键活动，就像monitoring，尽管没有引起人们的注意，但仍可帮助工程师和设计师了解基础设施和材料的结构运动的影响。到降低基础设施的风险，，，，earlyandprecise monitoringis necessary.

The infrastructure supporting each of us, be it roads, bridges, dams, buildings and railways is subjected to hazards, environmental factors, and load pressure. Stress and risk to infrastructure can come from direct use but also from other factors, such as nearby construction sites and excavations. Such is the case of a north section of Luas light rail system in Dublin, Ireland where the construction of a group of commercial buildings - build to cope with the increasing demand for student accommodation - were monitored to ensure the integrity of the transportation system.

With sixty-seven stations and42.5公里都柏林的Luas轻轨系统安全携带41.8 million passengersin 2018. To minimise current and future concerns related to safety and structural integrity of Luas, Datum Monitoring Ireland (part of the Lloyds Datum Group), a specialised company inremote monitoring of earthworks，，，，structures and transport infrastructure, analysed the data of the dual Luas light railway system continuously through a specialised monitoring system.

Alert 24/7

LDG Datum was requested by Walls Construction to supply an effective, accurate and reliablewarning system那会操作24/7以接近实时通知股东,如果threshold exceeded specifications. The monitoring system needed to meet design requirements, local council regulations and Transport Infrastructure Ireland’s (TII) code of practice, without interrupting the railway operations at any time. The team at LDG Datum also had to ensure no physical object was on the tramway. Traditional Methods involved survey engineers taking physical manual readings on track, which creates its own inherent dangers.

监视solutions involve geodetic, geotechnical and environmental sensors and monitoring software. LDG Datum’s monitoring solution for this project consisted of twoLeica Nova MS60MultiStations, oneLS15 digital leveland地缘监测软件。This solution allowed non-intrusive movement monitoring; therefore, the area could stay open for the entire duration of the project with no disruptions for the public or rail services.

"Datum's on-site core activity was to provide continuous scanning of the dual Luas light railway tracks using Leica Geosystems' robotic MultiStation – the MS60. These instruments scanned the dual tramway continuously and hosted data directly onto a secure webpage for the relevant parties to review,”saidMark Hodgen, director at LDG Datum。

The team also used振动监测with incorporated Sound Level Microphones to capture ground borne vibration arising from site works and used inductive displacement sensors to monitor the crack movements of existing cracks on neighbouring structures. Continuous dust monitoring stations, furthermore, where used to capture the levels of PM10 particles, or particle pollution, in the local area.

Capturing accurate data is just the start

主要的监视任务捕获了所有升起或沉降[地面的垂直高程]laser scanning与MS60。为了使铁轨区域摆脱障碍，轨道上没有棱镜。因此，通过激光扫描测量了轨道最接近部分的数百个分数点。捕获的扫描由X，Y，Z坐标的数千个测量点组成，允许检测离群值[故障]，并确保以可靠的方式测量所需的位置[区域]，即使在轨道轨道的正常负载下，相邻的行人区。

Three initial scans set a baseline to obtain a reference scan. All subsequent scans were compared to their reference scan and calculate the median deformation between the reference and the subsequent scan. This value is used to compare against a defined threshold. TII’s code of practice solicits to trigger alarms, should displacement occur. The system provided automated alerts notifying designated stakeholders when values surpassed the designated threshold.

The scanned data captured by the two MultiStations was collected through GeoMoS and hosted on LDG Datum’s secure website so its client and TII could have full visibility of the current and historic recorded values. Thistailor-made process，从获取数据到变形分析，fully automated。

“检查了数据并与允许遵循安全协议的历史数据进行了比较。我们定制的物理街道上的精确级别，每周进行地理系统LS15捕获，以向承包商提供保证，并提供自动监控的备份按计划工作。在拆除，打桩和建筑阶段，周围建筑物也进行了振动和噪音监测，”saidHodgen。“ LDG基准提供了墙壁构造一个完整的远程监控系统包，因此它们可以访问和查看数据。”

降低风险

All instrument data collected and processed through GeoMoS maintained stakeholders informed on Luas light rail stability during the construction work near the railway while preventing any interruptions to the service. With proven success in this project, Datum is replicating thisautomated monitoring systemon all its tramway projects along the Luas line.

“考虑到岩土技术和建筑工程的水平，我们对该项目的主要重点是确保公共基础设施和周围建筑物保持不受干扰。LDG基准在监测部门中具有很高的信誉。因此，我们与Mark及其团队互动，他们设计了一个合适的系统，该系统符合O'Connor Sutton Cronin（咨询工程师）规格和运输基础设施爱尔兰的工程守则，以在Luas Light Rail System上工作，”墙壁建设部门主任Cathal Healy说。“LDG Datum delivered a highly accurate, reliable and commercially viable service, and we were delighted to have had them on this project.”

Contractors, just like Walls Construction, may在施工前后，降低其风险的暴露by continuously monitoring the project as it progresses through its lifecycle. Geosystems’ monitoring systemsdetect and help rectify potential problems在任何结构中，情况变得至关重要或变得更糟。

LDG Datum Website –www.lloydsdatumgroup.com