韩国智能城市将3D数字模型与GIS和BIM结合在一起

Leica CityMapper and HxMap reduce time and cost of building digital twins.

Author: Linda Duffy

在世界范围内,地方政府正在推出智能城市/数字双胞胎项目,以支持经济刺激和旅游计划,并改善整体生活质量。最新的3D建筑模型和综合地理信息系统(GIS)数据以及建筑信息建模(BIM)数据合并,以创建建筑物内外的数字双胞胎以及周围的地形。实际上,现实世界将转换为精确的数字复制品,以促进对所有智能城市资产的分析,计划和管理。

3D虚拟城市背后的主要目标是通过对数字双胞胎进行模拟和分析并利用结果改善条件来减少和管理通常在城市地区发现的问题。此外,用物联网(IoT)传感器,闭路电视(CCTV),安全摄像机等捕获的大数据提供了对特定位置的见解。韩国政府于2017年启动了其智能城市/数字双胞胎计划,以解决各种问题,例如交通,犯罪,环境污染,有效的能源管理,城市规划,灾难管理和重建。通过分析虚拟城市和相关的大数据,政府实体可以更好地解决问题。

建立数字双胞胎

All4Land, a leading geospatial service provider in South Korea, has been building 3D digital models that include BIM and GIS data since 2014. To save time and reduce cost, All4Land collects oblique and LiDAR data simultaneously with itsLeica CityMapper机载映射传感器并快速处理数据Leica HXMAP, a multi-sensor processing platform. The resulting 3D models are enhanced with GIS data, such as vector maps of utilities, telecommunication, or transportation infrastructures, to support in-depth analysis. The external shapes of buildings are made from CityMapper data and the internal shapes are made from 3D scanning data, design data and BIM data.

All4land负责创建GIS数据和3D建筑模型,并集成建筑物所有者或政府机构提供的BIM数据。BIM数据是韩国新政府建设的必要条件,通常由第三方设计办公室生产。对于新建筑物,BIM通常在施工过程中和之后捕获,对于现有建筑物,它是通过使用3D扫描和原始设计数据的反向工程来确定的。

组合的CityMapper和HXMAP解决方案基于CityGML的详细信息1(LOD1)和LOD2提供自动处理,这是一种开放数据模型和基于XML的格式,用于存储和交换虚拟3D City Models。LOD3需要一些手动处理来表达大门和窗户等开放元素,而LOD4涉及的手动处理取决于室内细节的水平。

“ HXMAP中有强大的功能,尤其是在用于多个相机的同时进行空气三角调节处理中,以及来自图像和激光雷达数据的有效3D建模,” All4land董事总经理Sangkwam Nam说。“ HXMAP还支持处理任务,例如传感器校准,自动点匹配,线路对线注册,建筑生成等。所有这些都是以前乏味的手动任务,现在可以在HXMAP工作流程中自动运行。”

为了将CityMapper数据与BIM数据相结合,All4land首先将GNSS测量得出的坐标分配给BIM数据,然后将BIM数据转换为3D构建模型,并将其与CityMapper数据合并。All4land开发了自己的专有软件,用于数据转换和坐标分配,并通过其Mapprime平台(可以集成室内和室外模型并提供数据可视化工具的WebGIS服务器,使3D模型可用。

CityMapper LiDAR Point cloud (Point density : 25 point/㎡)

Jeonju’s 3D model

In 2019, with its purchase of a highly efficient CityMapper aerial system and HxMap, All4Land became well-positioned to expand its 3D mapping services. Collecting data quickly is particularly important because of the unique limitations of aerial data capture in South Korea. Surrounded by the sea on three sides, cloud cover in South Korea frequently creates unfavourable weather conditions. In addition, it is difficult to get flight permission near military zones and security areas, therefore total flying days are quite limited. Under these circumstances, the CityMapper’s ability to capture orthophotos, oblique imagery and LiDAR all in one flight is advantageous.

“The CityMapper is an excellent solution for our projects ─ the added efficiency allows us to capture more data in a shorter period of time,” says Nam. “And HxMap streamlines the processing and modelling, which reduces the cost of building a digital twin.”

数字双胞胎概念的测试项目之一是在韩国西南部北耶拉省的旅游区Jeonju市。许多历史建筑,例如传统的村庄汉诺克(Hanok),吸引了游客,这座城市以其优秀的地区美食而闻名。最近,全场作为MAAS(移动性作为服务)的一部分引入了Digital Twin概念,以吸引游客并帮助他们使用电动自行车,电动踢板和其他运输工具在城市环游城市。

All4Land was selected to conduct two projects in Jeonju, first mapping an area 4 square kilometres (sq km) in size, including BIM for 20 buildings, followed by a 205 sq km project. The City of Jeonju and LX, the government cadastral organisation, are in the process of acquiring BIM data for all government-owned buildings in the larger area. Using CityMapper, aerial data capture of the large project took All4Land only two days, with an additional two to three months for data processing and 3D building modelling. The LOD3 outdoor data captured with the CityMapper were merged with indoor BIM data in the test area to create an LOD4 model of the real world.

“数字双胞胎对许多应用都有帮助,” NAM说。“例如,在计划在市中心地区的新建筑物之前,模拟模型被用于分析360度视图,可见性范围,太阳权权利,隐私问题等。这发现了与现有建筑物的任何潜在冲突。可以在早期阶段修改和改进开发计划,从长远来看节省资金。”

3D建筑模型


聪明的城市是未来

There are approximately ten Smart City projects in South Korea today and the number is expected to increase. In addition to Jeonju, All4Land is working on the Virtual Seoul project for Seoul, South Korea, and a 3D geospatial project of Osan for the South Korea National Mapping Agency (NGII).

韩国智慧城市将基于智能流动性,人口统计,旅游业和其他因素而着重于当地经济的生命。政府组织使用3D建筑模型来分析支持决策的选择和机会。将来,All4land希望Mapprime平台向商业公司开放,以管理设施,停车,观光等。

扩大的数字双胞胎的使用依赖于有效收集数据和高度自动化的处理,以使成本保持合理。Leica CityMapper和最近的CityMapper-2是高性能的城市地图传感器,非常适合快速数字化城市和城市环境。与HXMAP处理平台配对的混合倾斜成像和LiDAR溶液共同提供了高生产率和快速的周转。

“我们对CityMapper的性能和数据质量感到非常满意 - Nadir和Oblique Images和LiDAR非常好。我们还认为,Leica Geosystems提供的技术支持和培训计划是最好的。” Nam说。“ Leica Geosystems一直在支持客户,试图在整个运营和处理过程中一起找到更好的解决方案,这有助于我们在快速变化的行业中保持竞争力。”

CityMapper LiDAR Point cloud (Point density : 25 point/㎡)

Leica CityMapper-2

Leica CityMapper-2High-Performance Urban Mapping Sensor
Leica CityMapper-2High-Performance Urban Mapping Sensor