How hybrid airborne data supports sustainability initiatives

作者：约翰·韦尔特（John Welter），地理空间内容解决方案总裁

准确的数字表示我们的世界玩an essential role in creating a sustainable future. Rich digital twins and 3D models provide a new level of detail that is ideal for monitoring ecosystems, simulating changes, and making informed choices.

在过去的几年中，我们已经了解了世界的不可预测。当前的富裕数字双胞胎可以使我们能够更好，更快地对紧急情况做出反应，并将过去与当前的过去进行比较以预测未来。为了获得最有效的分析结果，需要定期和快速收集数字双胞胎。bob体育报道Hexagon的机载传感器和软件通过提供高生产力工具来实现更频繁的更新并通过AI和机器学习实现更深入的分析，以支持更智能，绿色，宜居城市的计划。

为什么要混合数据？

只有精确的数字双胞胎具有高水平的细节支持可靠的计划。基于图像的3D模型（甚至密度匹配的模型）都有数据差距，例如在建筑物之间，阴影区域或树下的狭窄，遮挡区域中。成像数据还可以为光滑的表面（例如水或未纹理的道路）带来不满意的结果。引入第二个数据源可显着提高3D模型和网格的准确性和质量。

bob体育报道六边形开发了Leica CityMapper-2机载映射系统，以从两种互补技术中生成高分辨率的混合数据：摄影测量和激光雷达。它配备了两个Nadir摄像机（RGB/NIR），四个45度斜摄像机（RGB）和一个Hyperion 2+激光雷达传感器。内置的机械前向动作补偿是Leica Geosystems的机载传感器所独有的，即使在弱光条件下和高飞行速度下，也可以启动锋利的图像。2 MHz线性模式LIDAR可提供三厘米范围的精度，并针对城市环境中的数据收集进行了优化。

Hybrid data offers the best of both worlds. Optical images have high point accuracy in the X/Y plane, while LiDAR has high accuracy in the Z component. LiDAR adds accuracy to mesh models as it penetrates foliage and detects objects in shadowed areas between buildings. Optical works well for top-surface models, and four-colour images are preferred for interpretation, although building facades, roads, transitions and water appear smoother with the aid of LiDAR. Digital twins based on hybrid data contain greater detail and consistency, which provide ideal training data sources for standardised, accurate, large-volume analytics, feature extraction and machine learning.

用混合数据映射

The high-performance workflow software, HxMap, is fully integrated with Leica CityMapper-2 for fast, efficient and intuitive data processing. Within one single interface, the HxMap product generator produces a wide variety of deliverables from the image and LiDAR datasets, including referenced images, orthophotos, colourised point clouds and DSMs. 3D and mesh models come alive with textures added from oblique imagery.

用户还可以通过综合地理信息系统（GIS）数据和建筑信息建模（BIM）数据来增强3D模型，以创建建筑物内外的数字双胞胎以及周围的地形。实际上，现实世界将转换为精确的数字复制品，以促进分析，计划和管理。

Using 3D models for sustainable development

许多城市政府的重点是将其城市转变为可持续的生活空间。可以分析3D模型和网格，以比较随着时间的推移条件并模拟可能的未来情况。可视化3D中的开发计划有助于利益相关者了解干预措施的后果，理解相互关系并在投资前阶段认识计划错误。

城市规划师可以与数字双胞胎合作，以确定适合绿化带或新鲜空气走廊的合适区域。这些模型支持关键基础设施（例如能源网格）的最佳设计，降低了停机风险并提高了能源效率。

植被和绿色空间对于城市居民的健康和福祉至关重要。在数字双胞胎中，对树木进行了建模和监测，以确保健康，电力线的清除，生物质的变化等。早期发现疾病可防止植被的丧失。

Simulations also help prepare for natural disasters, such as floods and fires, by helping to identify risk areas and evacuation routes, uncovering weaknesses in emergency services and detecting vulnerable supply lines for fuel and food.

The myriad applications for digital twins and 3D models are supported by the hybrid oblique imaging and LiDAR solutions made possible by the Leica CityMapper-2, paired with the HxMap processing platform.