Maximum safety for the new Copenhagen Metro Line

The Copenhagen Metro Line is among the world’s most modern subway systems. To improve the infrastructure in the Danish capital, the city is now expanding its existing metro system by two-thirds through construction of the new “Cityringen” subway loop. Lines M3 and M4 are now being added to the existing M1 and M2 lines. Tunnel-building activities on such a scale in the heart of an old city harbour pose great potential risk due to the unfavourable geological conditions, limited coverage and proximity to existing development. To ensure structural stability throughout the construction phases, various geodetic and geotechnical measuring systems will be used for automatic monitoring in order to detect possible deformations in a timely manner, allowing immediate countermeasures to be initiated. Automated 3D measuring systems, which are installed at every station, shaft and along the stretches of tunnel,play a particularly important role in this.

The new lines include 17 new metro stations, three shafts with crossovers, and a new maintenance centre. The entire, approximately 15.5-kilometres long, route proceeds through two parallel tunnel tubes in the subsoil of Copenhagen. The new lines will finally connect the central station (København H) and east station (Østerport) to the metro system. Like the existing system, the new metro was also conceived as a driverless, fully automatic system.

该项目的总成本约为20亿欧元。哥本哈根运输部和弗雷德里克斯伯格市是该重大项目的所有者，由Metroselskabet I/S代表。该行政财团是一家意大利合资企业，由Salini/Impregilo Tecnimont和Seli - 哥本哈根地铁团队（CMT）组成。

地理数据Ziviltechnikergesellsch的合资企业aft mbH and ANGERMEIER INGENIEURE GmbH received the contract for monitoring the entire project and founded their own new firm, SMT Denmark ApS, to carry out this enormous assignment.

SMT Denmark AP负责测量和岩土技术监测。这包括自动3D监控系统的精确级别，概念，设置和维修，以及自动倾斜仪，应变和编码器延伸器仪表以及水位量规测量系统的安装和维修。此外，SMT Denmark AP还必须监督中央项目数据库Kronos，其中所有测量结果（包括从四台隧道钻孔机（TBM）传输的机器数据）都将存储。将近30名员工完全致力于Cityringen项目中的监视任务。

2012年1月，开始逐步为所有正在建设的地铁站配备带有自动化的3D测量系统的轴。这两个隧道管都与四个TBM并行驱动。在此过程中，两台偏移机在新的地铁环中的特定路线部分驱动。

Since summer 2013, the tunnel sections have been equipped with measurement systems during the TBM drives. In the process, the individual total stations were connected into networks in order to reliably cover the planner’s prediction of possible settlements (also called zones of influence). In doing so, up to eight Leica TM30 total stations were connected into monitoring systems that are centrally controlled and monitored by a PC over WLAN.

监视利卡格地理系统的仪器
Both of SMT Denmark ApS’s parent companies are long-standing, loyal customers of Leica Geosystems. The choice of supplier for the geodetic measuring instruments and accessories therefore fell on the Swiss premium manufacturer at the very beginning of the project. Over the duration of the project, this proved once again to be an excellent choice, as it was in earlier projects. The measuring instruments operate with such high accuracy that the 3D measuring system and the redundant levelling measurements, which were carried out with the Leica DNA03 level and 2-metre Invar staffs, matched within half a millimetre. The high quality of measurement results contributed significantly to the project’s success.

60,000 noiseless measurements per day
标准的测量频率是每两个urs for all automated measuring systems. In critical situations, the measuring frequency is reduced to one hour or 30 minutes, depending on the particular number of points to be measured.

当TBM不得不穿过隧道管时，在监测现有地铁管的过程中会出现特殊情况。在这里，实际上必须将10点的测量频率提高到每90秒，以便能够在交叉期间就沉降提供持续的反馈。

The Software Observer, a proprietary software of ANGERMEIER INGENIEURE GmbH, controlled every total station. It automatically eliminates outliers during every measurement within a measurement cycle. All measurement values are then transferred to an adjustment software and processed. If the results are within the required range of accuracy, the coordinates and protocol are transferred to the KRONOS database, which is proprietary software by GEODATA Ziviltechnikergesellschaft mbH. If there is a data transmission failure or internal warning or alert levels are exceeded, for example, if the compensator values are outside specified accuracy range, immediate, automatic notifications are distributed to the predefined internal group of people.

Up to December 2014, 72 Leica TM30 total stations were installed at the 21 new structures. An average of up 21 total stations run in parallel along the tunnel routes. Approximately four months following completion of a section, they are taken down and reinstalled in the new section.

More than 4,000 prisms were installed with the total stations. Approximately 60,000 measurements per day. Overall, more than 44 million 3D measurements have been carried out so far. Similarly, there were also 600,000 manual levelling measurements.

The extremely low noise generation of Leica Geosystems total stations is certainly worth mentioning. They could easily be installed directly alongside bedroom windows without waking the residents from their sleep.

Continuous servicing of the total stations
四名员工负责照顾总站。bob apple他们的任务包括对单个系统中出现的故障进行故障排除以及在车站和隧道部分中安装新系统。通过两条隧道钻孔机通过后，他们必须再次拆除传感器。3D系统仍在正在建设的地铁站运行。

All computers are remotely accessible from a main centre, which is advantageous when needing to access the network. If an error cannot be corrected through remote maintenance, a local squad sets off to find the problem. Many of these malfunctions are caused by construction activities at the stations, such as interrupted power supplies or restricted visual communication with the reference and deformation prisms due to the large construction machines.

SMT Denmark ApS has added its own lifting platform on a 3.5-ton truck for the installation of prisms and total stations. This is the only way to be flexible and carry out installation and removal or exchange of equipment for maintenance.

Experienced teams – reliable systems
为哥本哈根公民和游客的利益和安全而操作这样的大型监测项目对于整个团队和测量系统来说是一个巨大的挑战。

As far as the team is concerned, a great deal of experience is required here. Internal processes are continuously optimised. The software components in the Observer are also subject to continuous modifications due to the changing requirements for this complex monitoring project.

The instruments are subjected to a maximum demand for quality, reliability and precision. The demands on the employees, who quickly and confidently respond to every malfunction that arises, are equally high. Monitoring sensors from Leica Geosystems are the perfect partners for this enormous task.

Written by Dieter Heinz