Capturing reality in one of the world’s busiest airports

作者：凯文·科迪罗（Kevin Cordeiro）

Changi Airport in Singapore is famed for its calm atmosphere and the smooth running of all operations at the airport. Its long-standing reputation as the world’s leading airport can be largely attributed to the management’s progressive and innovative approach to the running of the airport. Changi Airport Group (CAG) was keen to look into how the latest laser scanning technology could be used to maintain its facilities to the highest standards in the long term.

Taking a long-term view

To further enhance aspects such as Facilities Management on an ongoing basis, Changi Airport Group needed an accurate and precise 3D model capturing every aspect of the terminal of Architectural, Structural and MEP.

在关注未来的情况下，樟宜机场集团意识到了这一机会，可以使用AS-Build Bim（虚拟复制品）实现长期价值，即使在翻新和扩展工作完成后，这也是一个有价值的工具。JTR注册测量师（JTRS）被委托进行扫描并创建T2的BIM。JTR注册测量师是一家专业的土地测量公司，以其渐进的测量和使用最新设备的渐进式方法而闻名，以提供最高的准确性标准。他们是3D激光扫描和摄影测量法 - 构造BIM所需的关键实践。在该项目中，JTRS与BIM解决方案服务提供商Geodelta System Sdn Bhd合作。

In commissioning the BIM, Changi Airport Group became one of the first in Singapore to adopt new BIM technology for future redevelopment projects. The scan was to be one of the largest Scan-to-BIM projects produced in Singapore, requiring more than 600,000 square metres of floor areas, including the MEP aspects above the architectural ceiling to be scanned with both extreme data clarity and sharp resolution for the modelling.

Synchronisation and smooth operations

With multiple parties involved in the future renovation and expansion works, the As-Built BIM incorporates all the drawings, plans, elevations, sections and perspectives. As these drawings are extracted from the model, changes are incorporated in the model and automatically updated. This approach enables project members to design and build collaboratively using one coherent system of computer models and minimising the need for site visits for further manual checks.

The first stage of the project involved establishing a new set of control network where JTRS set a total of 144 control points for the entire scan. The geo-reference would provide a homogenous set of information for future projects. This enables confident, precise registration and geo-location of multiple scans, which could be passed to contractors so everyone could work on the same base. For the control surveying, JTRS used theLeica Nova TM50，六个棱镜和一个Leica DNA03数字级别。

Jimmy Tan, Director and Registered Surveyor at JTRS commented,“ Leica Nova TM50使我们能够在每个设置上非常快速测量四个角度，并具有测量水平和垂直角度所需的高角度精度。通过充满信心地测量每个设置的许多角度，TM50急剧加快了在所有三个樟宜机场码头的控制调查网络映射的完成。”

Precision at scale

To address the dual challenge of precision and scale in creating the BIM model, JTRS used the Leica Geosystems integrated scanning solution comprising of oneLeica Scanstation P40unit and twoLeica BLK360与Leica Geosystems的软件解决方案一起成像激光扫描仪。

The ScanStation P40 was selected based on its ability to reach a very high density and produce high resolution and accuracy - up to 1mm spacing of data - over the huge space combined with excellent performance and reliability. The ScanStation P40 was used for the control scan of the entire building and large areas like the departure hall and staircases, while the BLK360 addressed the small and more confined areas.

“Leica Geosystems’ integrated scanning solution produces rich data and the modelling is not only more accurate than competing solutions, but it is also able to capture and scan even the smallest of details. Whilst other products are able to offer precision in small areas, they may not be able to deliver the same quality of data over such a large area, which was so important on this project,” Jimmy Tan commented.

无缝整合

Leica Cyclone REGISTERwas used to register, manage and process the point cloud data. As one of the largest Scan-To-BIM projects produced in Singapore, the scans amounted up to 1 terabyte of data. The total area scanned to produce the BIM model for Changi Airport Terminal 2 covered two layers – the ground and also the ceiling area for the Mechanical Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) information. Overall, more than 23,000 scans were setup to create the BIM model to LOD300 for Architecture & Structural and LOD200 for MEP. Using Leica Geosystems integrated scanning solutions, JTRS was able to handle this volume of data whilst maintaining stability.

Cyclone REGISTER’s visual alignment not only mitigated the need to place targets on walls to align but also allowed JTRS to manage tens of thousands of scans in a single registration. The ease with which these scans could be positioned based on common geometry further accelerated the modelling process. Thanks to the high-contrast visualised point cloud, the vast number of scans could easily be overlaid to create the mesh from which the BIM is constructed.

完成扫描的3D激光扫描和合并后，可以将点云导出到Leica Jetstream中。然后，樟宜机场组和系统所有者可以查看点云，走一条演练路径，并从数字模型中进行进一步的测量。

吉米·谭（Jimmy Tan）指出：“软件集成绝对是无缝的。一旦我们以正确的格式导出数据，它就可以与其他多个软件平台（例如Revit）接口。然后可以根据客户端的需求（CAG）来量身定制输出。

通常处理数据integration of such a huge scan would be very time-consuming but using the Leica CloudWorx plugin the team were able to integrate all the point clouds into Revit saving up to 40% of time in building the BIM model.”

提供持久的价值

“Efficiency was vital in such a vast project and we could not afford to lose time training the team or addressing technical challenges. Whilst the ease of use of both hardware and the software required minimal training, the Leica Geosystems team provided full support from start to end.

From a surveyor’s perspective, we have been particularly impressed with the cost-value of Leica Geosystems solution. We have been using equipment like the DNA03 digital level for over 10 years and it is still in perfect condition. However, the greatest value is the output we have generated for the client (CAG) here as the digital model can now be used for years - even decades to come,”concluded Jimmy Tan.

樟宜机场作为世界领先机场的声誉也可以归功于其不仅关注功能，而且还关注美学。3D激光扫描仪的使用使JTR可以捕获甚至详细的图像数据，这些数据包含了板上的颜色和纹理映射，而不会破坏世界上最繁忙的机场之一的乘客的恒定流动。

The BIM model augmented missing design data and created a data-rich connected workflow, enabling CAG and future contractors to explore and experiment with plans and designs for the airport even without entering the facility – helping Changi Airport to retain its reputation as the world’s best airport.