碰撞和犯罪现场测量 - 您准备好制定新的ISO/IEC标准了吗？

By 1 October 2020, crime scene and collision investigators, working in criminal cases, whether police or private, must conform to two global standards. Their laboratory testing must be accredited to ISO/IEC 17025, and their scene examination programmes accredited to ISO/IEC 17020.

So why is this happening, and why does the validation process matter?

目前，英国的每支警察部队都有自己的标准操作程序和质量管理系统。设备的类型和品牌之间的差异很大，或者两种力量可能具有相同的套件，但使用不同。或同一力中不同的个体可能会以不同的方式校准和使用相同的设备。

Clearly, despite the best of intentions, there is huge potential for widely differing results. If two investigators were to collect, process and store the forensic evidence from two identical crime scenes, would they achieve the same results? In principle, they should, the chances are that they won’t, and nor would they necessarily be reproducible. After all, this is the evidence on which we build expert opinions for the courts; it can be what leads to right or wrong convictions for the right or wrong suspects. So it matters.

然而，目前缺乏标准化可能会导致法院错误的决定，甚至可能因缺乏可靠的证据而抛弃案件。我们所有人都需要的 - 警察，刑事司法系统和公众 - 通过一致的流程和技术实现，对一致的结果保持了一致的信心。

Nowadays, surveying a crime or collision scene has been made simpler, faster and more accurate thanks to 3D laser (or LiDAR) scanning technology, made by companies such as Leica Geosystems. Colin Humphreys, a recently retired forensic investigator with Warwickshire Police, knows how quickly scanners can complete the work: “After a shooting incident, the town centre was closed off and we needed to get the streets reopened as quickly as possible. So I made a call and within a couple of hours, someone from Leica Geosystems had arrived with an RTC360 scanner; in under an hour, we’d scanned the entire scene using more than 25 stations. This was the first time the RTC360 had been used at a crime scene, and actually the data was being used in Crown Court this February – well done, Leica Geosystems!”

A significant part of the new validation process will involve how and when such surveying equipment is calibrated, used and maintained. Dr Anya Hunt is CEO of the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences (CSFS), and has been working closely with the police service to help them prepare for accreditation. “With the requirements of ISO/IEC 17020 and the Forensic Science Regulator’s Codes of Practice and Conduct, instrumental methods must be validated,” she explains.

She has been working with Leica Geosystems to establish how surveying equipment needs to be managed and used, so that there will be clarity for crime scene investigators around how to comply with the new standard. “Leica Geosystems appear to be taking it incredibly seriously. They’ve already looked at the requirements for validation and verification for using particular types of equipment, in both static and dynamic situations, and for understanding the associated challenges.”

在警察方面，弗朗西斯（Frances）的高级职位一直与亨特（Hunt）博士在CSF中联络，以帮助在英格兰和威尔士的部队进行认证。尽管她曾在西约克郡警察局工作，但她正在借调国家警察局长理事会，并进行了法医碰撞调查。

弗朗西斯解释了为什么徕卡呈规则的the manufacturers invited to work on the accreditation project: “They’re one of the main suppliers of scanning technology to policing, and they were very kind to accept. Leica Geosystems have been very helpful in sharing their research and expertise and have been available throughout to support the project and understand the process of forensic regulation. They can guide the police through some of the difficult areas where we perhaps don’t have the expertise or capacity internally. They’ve been very generous and hugely supportive with the method validation work that we're undertaking.”

英国在Leica Geosystems的犯罪现场公共安全领导者Mike Skicko负责公司参与验证项目。“几年来，我们一直在与英国各地的警察部队紧密合作。我们非常了解调查人员，我们了解他们每天面临的挑战。我们听取他们的反馈意见，我们很乐意在必要时支持他们。”

“Validation is going to be an extra hurdle for them, so we want to help make it as easy as possible for them to achieve compliance and get back to the normal run of things. It’s a privilege to have been invited to assist, and I really do wish forces the very best in making the transition.”

亨特博士了解到，并非每个人都期待认证过程。“There are negative perceptions around the ongoing workload, but actually once you get used to doing the same method reproducibly, you’ll save time and effort – because you’re doing the same thing every time, rather than perhaps not knowing exactly what you’re doing, or using a number of methods, or doing it in a non-reproducible way. Quality is there to support us, and to give the public and the courts confidence in the work that we do.”

Dan Sharp trained as a surveyor before joining the imaging unit at West Yorkshire Police, where he manages a team of crime scene surveyors. He accepts that validation will be hard work to begin with, but sees its value. “It will be a lot of work initially achieving the ISO accreditation, and it’s going to have an operational impact on our day-to-day work. It's a necessity though, and will help us improve and standardise our outputs.

“它将保护我们的官员和员工，因此我们可以进入法院并说我们有ISO证书，以证明我们的过程是准确和有效的。而目前，重点是该官员的经验和他们的专业知识 - 但这已经接近了这是不够的。您将需要一些认证文书工作，这将是ISO认证过程。”

Colin Humphreys (ex- Warwickshire Police), agrees. “There needs to be confidence in anyone using that kit, so at the end they can say, ‘I used it correctly, I followed the methodology, and that's going to be accepted by the courts. In the long-term, it can only be positive.’ ”

“The witness box is a lonely place. You stand there alone and all you have is the report you’ve written. Compliance with the standards will mean you can have more confidence in your own work. You can stand there feeling a little less isolated.”
- 特许科学学会首席执行官Anya Hunt博士

“作为警务扫描技术的主要供应商之一，Leica Geosystems在为该项目提供专业知识和技术方面非常慷慨。”
- Frances Senior，NPCC专业能力的法医碰撞调查负责人

“ Leica Geosystems目前在理解验证和验证的需求时似乎已经领先于曲线。”
- 特许科学学会首席执行官Anya Hunt博士