Capturing reality in one of the world’s busiest airports

作者：凯文·科迪罗（Kevin Cordeiro）

新加坡的樟宜机场以其平静的氛围和机场所有运营的平稳运行而闻名。它作为世界领先机场的长期声誉可能主要归因于管理层对机场运营的进步和创新方法。Changi Airport Group（CAG）渴望研究最新的激光扫描技术如何长期将其设施保持在最高标准。

Taking a long-term view

为了进一步增强诸如设施管理等方面的持续，樟宜机场集团需要一个准确，精确的3D模型，以捕获建筑，结构和MEP终端的各个方面。

With an eye on the future, Changi Airport Group recognised this opportunity to deliver long term value with an as-built BIM (a virtual replica), which would be a valuable tool even after renovation and expansion work was completed. JTRS Registered Surveyor (JTRS) were commissioned to scan and create the BIM of T2. JTRS Registered Surveyor is a professional land surveying company, known for their progressive approach to surveying and use of the latest equipment to deliver the highest standards of accuracy. They are leading specialists in 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry – the key practices required to construct the BIM. In this project, JTRS worked in conjunction with BIM solution service provider, Geodelta System Sdn Bhd.

In commissioning the BIM, Changi Airport Group became one of the first in Singapore to adopt new BIM technology for future redevelopment projects. The scan was to be one of the largest Scan-to-BIM projects produced in Singapore, requiring more than 600,000 square metres of floor areas, including the MEP aspects above the architectural ceiling to be scanned with both extreme data clarity and sharp resolution for the modelling.

同步和平稳操作

由于多个政党参与了未来的翻新和扩展工作，因此BIM构建了所有图纸，计划，高程，部分和观点。由于这些图纸是从模型中提取的，因此将更改合并到模型中并自动更新。这种方法使项目成员能够使用一个连贯的计算机模型系统进行协作设计和构建，并最大程度地减少对现场访问的需求进行进一步的手动检查。

The first stage of the project involved establishing a new set of control network where JTRS set a total of 144 control points for the entire scan. The geo-reference would provide a homogenous set of information for future projects. This enables confident, precise registration and geo-location of multiple scans, which could be passed to contractors so everyone could work on the same base. For the control surveying, JTRS used theLeica Nova TM50，六个棱镜和一个Leica DNA03digital level.

Jimmy Tan, Director and Registered Surveyor at JTRS commented,“ Leica Nova TM50使我们能够在每个设置上非常快速测量四个角度，并具有测量水平和垂直角度所需的高角度精度。通过充满信心地测量每个设置的许多角度，TM50急剧加快了在所有三个樟宜机场码头的控制调查网络映射的完成。”

Precision at scale

为了解决创建BIM模型的精确和规模的双重挑战，JTR使用Leica GeoSystems集成扫描解决方案，包括一个Leica ScanStation P40unit and twoLeica BLK360imaging laser scanners together with Leica Geosystems’ software solutions.

The ScanStation P40 was selected based on its ability to reach a very high density and produce high resolution and accuracy - up to 1mm spacing of data - over the huge space combined with excellent performance and reliability. The ScanStation P40 was used for the control scan of the entire building and large areas like the departure hall and staircases, while the BLK360 addressed the small and more confined areas.

“Leica Geosystems’ integrated scanning solution produces rich data and the modelling is not only more accurate than competing solutions, but it is also able to capture and scan even the smallest of details. Whilst other products are able to offer precision in small areas, they may not be able to deliver the same quality of data over such a large area, which was so important on this project,” Jimmy Tan commented.

无缝整合

Leica Cyclone寄存器用于注册，管理和处理点云数据。作为在新加坡生产的最大的扫描到BIM项目之一，扫描量达到了1 TB的数据。扫描的总面积为Changi机场2号航站楼生产BIM型号覆盖了两层 - 地面以及机械电气和管道（MEP）信息的天花板区域。总体而言，设置了23,000多次扫描，以创建BIM模型，以用于MEP的体系结构和结构和LOD200的LOD300。使用Leica GeoSystems集成扫描解决方案，JTRS能够在保持稳定性的同时处理这一卷。

Cyclone REGISTER’s visual alignment not only mitigated the need to place targets on walls to align but also allowed JTRS to manage tens of thousands of scans in a single registration. The ease with which these scans could be positioned based on common geometry further accelerated the modelling process. Thanks to the high-contrast visualised point cloud, the vast number of scans could easily be overlaid to create the mesh from which the BIM is constructed.

完成扫描的3D激光扫描和合并后，可以将点云导出到Leica Jetstream中。然后，樟宜机场组和系统所有者可以查看点云，走一条演练路径，并从数字模型中进行进一步的测量。

吉米·谭（Jimmy Tan）指出：“软件集成绝对是无缝的。一旦我们以正确的格式导出数据，它就可以与其他多个软件平台（例如Revit）接口。然后可以根据客户端的需求（CAG）来量身定制输出。

正常情况下的处理the data integration of such a huge scan would be very time-consuming but using the Leica CloudWorx plugin the team were able to integrate all the point clouds into Revit saving up to 40% of time in building the BIM model.”

提供持久的价值

“在如此庞大的项目中，效率至关重要，我们无力浪费时间培训团队或应对技术挑战。尽管硬件和软件的易用性以及所需的最小培训，但Leica Geosystems团队从头到尾都提供了全力支持。

From a surveyor’s perspective, we have been particularly impressed with the cost-value of Leica Geosystems solution. We have been using equipment like the DNA03 digital level for over 10 years and it is still in perfect condition. However, the greatest value is the output we have generated for the client (CAG) here as the digital model can now be used for years - even decades to come,”吉米·谭（Jimmy Tan）结束了。

樟宜机场作为世界领先机场的声誉也可以归功于其不仅关注功能，而且还关注美学。3D激光扫描仪的使用使JTR可以捕获甚至详细的图像数据，这些数据包含了板上的颜色和纹理映射，而不会破坏世界上最繁忙的机场之一的乘客的恒定流动。

The BIM model augmented missing design data and created a data-rich connected workflow, enabling CAG and future contractors to explore and experiment with plans and designs for the airport even without entering the facility – helping Changi Airport to retain its reputation as the world’s best airport.