3D激光扫描的凶杀场景文档

堪萨斯州犯罪实验室对凶杀案现场的新Leica Geosystems 3D激光扫描仪的试验测试为法医工具优于传统的犯罪现场映射方法提供了有力的证明。

2010年复活节，警察侦探对堪萨斯城大都市地区的凶杀案作出回应，要求约翰逊县犯罪学实验室派遣其犯罪现场调查部门。对于实验室五名犯罪现场调查员的主管Ryan Rezzelle来说，该电话代表了意外的机会。就在两天前，Rezzelle从Leica Geosystems租借了最新的型号扫描仪C10 3D激光扫描仪，他和他的团队一直在测试，作为犯罪现场映射的法医工具。

Rezelle说：“我想，‘将扫描仪的功能与当前的映射方法进行比较的方法比在实际犯罪现场使用它更好。”“我们可以在没有任何入侵的情况下进行扫描数据收集。这将提供实时试验测试，并与使用的协议和警察交通事故调查团队获得的证据数据进行了副本比较，这些数据目前被要求进行测量。”

That the Johnson County Criminalistic Lab was considering cutting edge forensic measurement technology is not surprising. The lab, administered by the Sheriff’s Office, serves a population of over 560,000 residents in both the rural and urban areas on the Kansas side of the greater Kansas City metropolitan area, and has a reputation as one of the most progressive, well-equipped high tech crime labs in the country. Both Sheriff Frank Denning, long a believer in the value of highly professional forensic services, and the lab’s director, Gary Howell, were strong proponents behind the recent commencement of construction planning on a state-ofthe-art crime lab, slated to open in early 2012 in Olathe, Kansas.

此外，美国犯罪实验室董事协会实验室认证委员会根据ASCLD/LAB International计划获得了实验室的认可，ASCLD/LAB International计划是美国犯罪实验室仅获得的全面认证。

在获得实验室质量保证经理审判扫描仪的许可之后，Rezzelle和他的团队调查了犯罪现场，其重点是一名男子在汽车前排座位上被枪杀致死。调查人员将扫描仪安装在其三脚架上，并在45分钟内进行了三场外部扫描以及相关的数字照片。Rezzelle说：“设置和扫描非常容易。”“我们在周五大约半小时内了解了该程序，而Leica代表在扬声器手机上远程交谈了我们。”

After the body of the victim had been taken from the car, the team removed the scanner from its tripod and placed the unit on a special Leica accessory mount on the car’s center console armrest and captured a 360 degree scan of the car’s bloody interior. A second 360 scan was conducted from the rear seat for a total of five scans.

Rezzelle回忆说：“从设置到我们将扫描仪赶走的时间，我们感到惊讶的是，我们可能在那里六十至九十分钟，上衣。”“与交通事故单位相比，两名男子使用总站和棱镜杆以及磁带测量，手持激光距离测量工具和rolatapes，他们工作了八到十个小时，标记和测量单点。在那段时间的一小部分中，我们捕获了相同的场景。”

第二天晚些时候，Rezzelle一夜之间将激光扫描仪带到了Leica Geosystems的佐治亚州总部，此后，那里的一名技术人员迅速处理了五张扫描，并将它们“缝制”到单个“点云”中。然后，从犯罪现场的3D直播和Leica Truview的数据组成的数据中产生了两个高价值展览。（Leica Truview是Internet Explorer的免费插件，允许CSIS快速轻松地与指挥人员，侦探和检察官共享场景数据。最近在佐治亚州凶杀案审判中使用了Truview，将陪审团虚拟地置于犯罪现场。）

对于购买了Leica 3D激光扫描仪的机构，该程序由内部人员执行，这些内部人员完成了由Leica Geosystems开发的面向警察的培训方案。总的来说，这个过程花费了五到六个小时，其中绝大多数是计算机“渲染”和处理时间。到星期五早上，结果掌握在Rezzelle的手中。

“We were blown away. So was every one who saw it,” Rezzelle said. “We had captured some fantastic data from the car’s interior, and by stitching together all five of the scans we had a mountain of useable evidence. Sheriff Frank Denning was especially impressed by the fly-through animation. Personally, it’s one of the most impressive presentations of a crime scene that I’ve seen in many years. So, even though we regarded ours as a rushed first-effort test, we produced something that could be viewed by prosecutors, CSIs, attorneys, and crime scene reconstructionists as stellar output for getting a good clean crisp perspective of the relationship of different components at a crime scene.”

在美国国家科学院（NAS）委员会（NRC）2009年的报告后，三维激光扫描最近在2009年的犯罪学上更为重要。该报告的标题为“确定法医科学界的需求”，重点是加强国际标准化组织（ISO）发布的当前基准标准（通常称为ISO 17025）。历史上，大多数美国警察机构中的犯罪现场响应单位都具有他们的管理人员通常会豁免获得认可的要求。这种态度正在迅速变化，因为越来越多的机构在默认的认可中寻求犯罪现场单位的认证，即ISO 17025协议应在犯罪现场开始，而不要等到证据到达犯罪实验室。

Rezzelle相信徕卡呈ScanStation C10 laser scanner will have an essential role to play: “I think this is what the NAS will want. Once people see the output that’s available from the C10, there will be an expectation that this will be used to capture every crime scene in the United States. They [the NAS] are calling for forensic science to be based on science, and that’s what we have here. It’s telling. It’s descriptive in terms of what you’re seeing visually. This is going to be the next generation of mapping for crime scenes.”

由托尼·格里西姆（Tony Grissim）撰写