用GNSS将骆驼穿过针的眼睛

作者：Beate Wesenigk

这海王星造船厂是位于德国北部的佩登堡的Meyer Group的一部分，其中构建了巨大的浮动物体 - 浮动机室单元（Ferus），这是巨型游轮的“动力站”。这家在德国北部的造船厂专门研究Ferus，面临着巨大的挑战 - Ferus不是在干燥的码头中建造的，而是在水线上方的各个生产大厅中建造。桥接2米height差异，开发了浮动系统。为了安全地从生产大厅和降低系统中安​​全地操纵Ferus，Neptun Shipyard开始使用Leica Geosystems GNSS技术。

Blind trust as a prerequisite

这lowering system is a shippable floating dock. It consists of a reinforced concrete pontoon with additional superstructures on top. The float itself is150 m long，，，，55 m wide and 7.5 m high。在浮桥内，有水箱。在停靠期间，Ferus借助钢制式绞车进行了固定。降低系统设有一个专用控制室，位于右舷的前塔。从那里，所有系统都受到监视和控制。

当准备将其运输到现场时，首先在液压系统的帮助下将FERU提升到生产大厅内。然后，它滑过陆地上的硅胶涂层路径，直到降低系统在水中等待的码头墙。当船将船放在降低系统上时，拖船拉动巨大的Feru - 重量超过40,000吨此时 - 就在16米深底座。然后，必须将降低系统正确定位到几厘米，并以一种唯一的运动选择是向上和向下的。

随后，储罐被淹没，从而下沉了整个降低系统。最终，只有2 m of the 18-msuperstructure protrudes above the water. As soon as there is enough water on the deck, the tug boat captains receive their go-ahead. The FERU is then moored at the bow and the stern.

这种撤消过程本身可以比作骆驼穿过针头的骆驼的隐喻，描述了一个非常狭窄的开口 - 不可抵消的船和上层建筑之间的距离只是120 cm最多。拖船队长和Feru上的飞行员无需将自己定向到港口或右舷。船尾的船长在他面前高耸的灰金属墙上只看到米。两位队长都需要盲目信任飞行员。这意味着必须知道降低系统的确切位置。否则，避免与上层建筑的碰撞是不可能的，这些不可避免地会损坏FERU和降低系统。

将GNSS技术用于建筑工地

A GNSS-supported measurement process with Leica Geosystems technologies is now used in all the steps. Multi-frequency GNSS antennae were installed on the starboard-side bow and stern of the superstructures on the lowering system. The accompanying dual GNSS receiverLeica ICG 80安装在控制室中。该装置最初是由Leica Geosystems开发的，用于土木工程中的重型建筑机械，不仅可以确定确切的位置，而且还可以预测潜在的运动。随后，使用A触角与降低系统相关的相对位置是通过一次性测量测量的Leica Nova TS60total station. In one of the shipyard's halls, aLeica Viva GS10GNSS高精度接收器安装在一个相对庇护的位置，作为精确测量的固定点。

Feru 1396是新系统的第一个未加工的发电站，将是世界上最大的邮轮公司最新的邮轮之一的核心。首先在降低系统上先前测量的位置安装了两个ICG80 GNS接收器，并激活了控制室中的接收器。使用此安装，可以将FERU从生产厅移动到降低系统上的精确位置。为了从降低系统中解除FERU，将两个触角安装在其上。

这control software for the lowering system used in the control room links GNSS data, terrestrial and maritime maps, providing real-time data as well as forecasting data for the projected movements of the lowering system and the FERU to all participants in the undocking process. To react immediately to changes and give out appropriate instructions the pilots and tug boat captains use Leica CS35 field tablets. In addition to the real-time data and movement projections on their CS35 field tablet, the pilots and tug boat captains also see exactly how much they have to steer to starboard and port to leave the lowering system without damage.

Navigating FERU 1396 out of the eye of the needle took only 10 minutes – a time that would have been impossible for a safe undocking, especially at a day with winds of force six because, due to its dimensions, the FERU poses such a big target for the wind.

更快 +更多灵活=更多利润

这MEYER Group has been successfully using measurement solutions from Leica Geosystems for many years. During the conception phase, GNSS solutions from various suppliers were evaluated. The main criteria were:

• 定位精度为2至3厘米，even on moving ground
• Immunity to environmental factors, such as temperature fluctuations and salt water
• 无线和无线电数据传输。

由拉尔夫·齐默尔曼（Ralph Zimmermann）领导的调查团队决定为Leica Geosystems解决方案提供。ICG80 GNSS接收器的开发是为了承受建筑工地的恶劣条件，从-20 C至 + 40 C并且是飞溅防水。

Neptun Shipyard调查团队的一部分Lars Wegener和Kevin Schemmel报道说，“Relocation of 1396 went well.”Zimmermann扩展了，“在这项技术的帮助下,我们有文字ly made big things happen. You could clearly see that we practise the motto of the MEYER Group, ‘Stronger together’, because, in addition to the workers of both shipyards, many specialists were involved; experts for nautical map technology, classical coastal navigation and tugging methods.”

该系统以各种方式使Meyer Group受益于持续的任务以及未来的项目。由于提供的实时位置，移动预测和拖船控制的计算有助于避免碰撞，因此移动和撤消Ferus的整个过程变得更加安全。此外，可以移动并解开延伸超出降低系统的船尾的对象。该系统不变的天气条件的速度，精度和可靠性非常适合迈耶集团，他们计划从2019年开始在佩登堡建造三艘游轮，将来每年在芬兰的图尔库每年有两个。