In slab risk mitigation: a case for 3D laser scanning in commercial construction

Author: Bjorn (Bernie) Bernhardt，RM调查建筑和HDS主任。

比约恩是一个激光扫描和BIM技术的领导者logy with a wealth of experience in infrastructure and commercial construction projects, such as New Perth Stadium. He is a keynote speaker for industry and universities championing spatial technology survey solutions.

RM调查is an Australian firm providing end-to-end survey solutions for commercial, resource and residential industries.

在为建筑行业提供服务的25年中，RM调查注意到平板变形是一个常见的问题，几乎没有文档。平板变形导致不合规的地板水平，导致装修和最终形式期间出现意外问题。这种情况可能导致预算问题，延误，并可能导致认为建筑物不安全的关键结构变形问题。

There are several reasons why slab deformation can arise, but the documentation to understand why and mitigate the risk is incomplete or inaccurate. To address this problem, RM Surveys uses a four-stage process to reduce the risk for structural deformation, specifically slab issues. Using 3D laser scanning RM Surveys document a slab pre-pour, post-pour and post prop and tension. The deliverable is a report showing the differential of levelness and flatness to design. Currently, structural documentation is generally only practised post-pour of a typical concrete pour. A surveyor would document the post concrete pour for Pour Compliance to confirm level and flatness. But we must ask, how much money could be saved and risk reduced if we started our projects with better and more accurate data?

整个建筑中缺乏持续的文档可能会使建筑商和分包商接触到：

• 对设计变化的风险影响
• 装修和最终形式的变化成本
• Project delays
• 客户关系分解
• No documented evidence of structural deformation

一种管理结构变形风险的更好方法

Laser scanning gives stakeholders in the construction industry the ability to collect information from surfaces and structures at each stage and identify any potential problems that might arise during construction. By detecting conflicts and issues during the early stages of the project — before building work has even begun — organisations can avoid timeline delays and come up with solutions before starting construction, drastically reducing the cost of rework.

The laser scanner of choice for RM surveys is theLeica RTC360 laser scanner由于便携式高度及其在建筑工地上的最大生产率设计，其尺寸为每秒高达200万点，高级HDR成像系统和彩色3D点云的创建。他们从事的解决方案：

Leica Cyclone 3D Point Cloud Processing Software然后将其用于处理数据，而Leica Cyclone 3DRis used to clean up the data sets, and the floor extraction tool is used to remove any unwanted elements. In addition, heat maps are created to show levelness and meshes to provide documentation at each stage.

Stage 1 Pre concrete pour
Laser scanning is used to capture the pre concrete pour. RM Surveys can use scanned data to demonstrate that the assets exist as per the engineering drawings, giving complete documentation pre-pour of the assets from the start.

第2阶段混凝土后倒文档

团队捕获完成直接形成pour to ensure the pour was compliant with the design. The documentation provides millimetre-accurate data that can be shown in highly detailed and informative reports.

第3阶段的强调和邮政文件文档

一旦平板达到了力量目标，完成后张紧后完成了所有临时支撑，将再次捕获平板。这表明结构的真实变形。

与设计相比，报告再次是一次。与平板中的偏差相关的是上下文的工程元素，例如张力后电缆。

第4阶段文档

Comparison of stages 2 & 3 highlights the difference in the structure form between post pour and final form, including deflection, shrinkage, and heave.

带有激光扫描仪捕获的完整图片显示，两次混凝土倒入阶段的倒入后张力，托架后张力和差异。

Decisions driven by data

当所有四个阶段均被激光扫描和记录时，可以减轻结构变形风险，甚至可以从一开始就拥有完整的数据来阻止。对于高层建筑物而言，本文档的重要性尤为明显，因为在第一台板块时可以进行有关是否需要修改工程的决策。

拥有此类数据的另一个好处是在未来的发展和管理建筑物的生命周期方面进行设施管理。无论是升级现有设施，更改其预期用途，还是简单地保持对当前状态的认识，都可以在设施的一生中维护准确的伪造模型。

Ultimately, using laser scanning makes facilities management easier – giving building owners a comprehensive view of their facility and empowering them with comprehensive data to make decisions.