扫描直到你下降

When an international retail group approached the Australian surveying firm, Project Surveyors, about creating a survey-accurate architectural and structural Revit model for the country’s second largest shopping centre, the firm was excited to participate. When the deadline was set for only 90 days later, Project Surveyors knew while future centre customers may shop till they dropped, the firm’s seven qualified laser scanning surveyors would be doing the same with 3D laser scanning.

The Sydney shopping centre is currently undergoing redevelopment, and the client needed a fully-parametric Revit Building Information Modelling (BIM) model for architects, engineers and facility managers to accurately plan the work needed. Covering a space of 375,000 square metres with vari-ous dimensional obstacles, such as cascading floors, topographic level changes and add-on buildings of diverse sizes, Project Surveyors faced one of its most complex jobs in its 43-year history.

项目测量师BIM空间经理安迪·杰克逊（Andy Jackson）表示：“建筑物的巨大和复杂的方面意味着，在记录扫描位置和现场笔记时，我们的测量师必须一丝不苟，以协助扫描注册。”“借助我们的Leica Geosystems仪器和软件，我们可以确保这一点。”

扫描，自信建模
项目测量师使用各种Leica Geosystems解决方案来捕获，建模和分析数据。从Leica扫描C10和P20开始，测量师能够捕获细节。由于其远程功能，Leica扫描仪C10用于外墙和内部用于大型结构，例如停车场。内部，使用Leica ScanStation P20用于低分辨率以低分辨率生产快速可靠数据的质量。

杰克逊说：“ P20的快速扫描时间帮助我们改善了现场工作流程，增加了每天四倍的扫描数量。”

For survey control, Project Surveyors used the Leica TS15 and Leica MultiStation MS50. The Multi-Station was also used to scan windows for simpler capturing. Establishing a survey control network around the perimeter of the site and throughout the shopping centre at each level, these instruments ensured millimetre precision for aligning scans of the retrofitting construction. Laser scan targets were coordinated within the control network to maintain the accuracy of the overall point clouds.

A total of 3,700 scans from 55 days on site resulted from the project. The point clouds from these scans were cleaned and registered using Leica Cyclone 9.0. The entire process only took 20 days due to the addition of the auto-alignment registration within the software. Compared to point cloud-to-point cloud visual alignment, which would take around two minutes each to visually find common points, auto-alignment only takes 30 seconds to one minute.

杰克逊说：“几次扫描听起来并不多，但是当我们谈论成千上万的扫描时，这将成为大量的时间。”“通过这些节省，我们能够将生产率提高至少50％。”

The firm also used Leica TruView to provide the architects with the point cloud data so they could overlay in the model and have extra information, such as dimensions they needed to extract for accu-rate and realistic planning.

杰克逊说：“ Leica Truview图像是客户的可交付方式，但它们也帮助建模者完全了解了他们的建模。”

Autodesk Revit 2014用于建模建筑元素，而Autodesk Revit机械，电气，管道（MEP）用于创建管道，植物，管道和其他服务，以创建负载码头的部分MEP模型。由于该项目的规模和细节将花费一个模型120天才能完成，因此，项目测量师与一个建模者团队合作，在一个有线和大型数据网络上合作，在一个中央模型上合作。

使用Leica Cyclone 9.0中的导出选项，测量师分别将点云作为二进制PTG文件导出，或者统一为PTS文件。然后使用Autodesk Recap将文件转换为兼容Autodesk兼容的RCS文件，然后可以将其插入Revit并进行建模。杰克逊（Jackson）使用Leica Cloudwork进行修订，并补充说，将消除工作流程的导出和转换步骤，从而为建模者提供点云转换工具以及单个主数据源，而不是多个文件和要处理的文件版本。

“Using this laser scanning technology, we have won similar large projects, such as one in Sydney where we’re working with the same consultants who used this model as an example to the project owner of what they required as survey information,” said Scott Deveridge, Project Surveyors director. “Referrals to provide a similar service on another challenging project is the best feedback we can get.”

从HXGN Live中学到的教训
在该项目开始之前的几个月前，随着在拉斯维加斯参加HXGN Live 2014，就发现了购物中心项目是一个宝贵的机会，可以在国际会议和实践展览会上学习一些教训。使用这些新想法，该公司经营大约节省了75％的时间。

使用扫描到扫描的注册和自动对齐，该公司减少了对每次扫描目标的依赖。测量师还使用了较低的分辨率，使扫描仪之间的扫描仪之间的运行在设置之间，并创建了轮式转移三脚架，以更快地将扫描仪重新放置。

杰克逊说：“虽然我们只能每天收集大约16次扫描，但使用我们从HXGN Live中学到的东西，我们现在可以每天收集60至80次扫描。”“我们还每小时进行大约30次扫描，是以前的两倍。这对我们来说是显着的效率提高，因此可以节省成本。”

返回2015年在拉斯维加斯举行的HXGN Live，该项目在年度Leica Geosys-Tem高清测量（HDS）计划比赛中获得了最高荣誉。由11名合格法官组成的小组根据计划的完整性和实用性，点云和模型的创造性以及整体外观评估了24个企业。项目测量师在Building/Heritage类别中获得了该项目的第一名。

杰克逊说：“我们的团队一直在努力工作，我们一直在寻找创新的方法来改善我们的业务。”“赢得这个奖项证实了我们对专业的承诺以及我们对客户的奉献精神。”

A prime example
悉尼购物中心项目的另一个方面是在BIM中使用HDS的创新使用。通过在现场和办公室中使用各种HDS技术，项目测量师能够在无障碍平台上组织和协作建筑信息。

杰克逊说：“在BIM中使用激光扫描有助于我们完全了解已经存在的工作，需要做什么以及建筑过程的情况如何。”“在BIM中使用激光扫描使我们能够为客户提供增值的可交付成果。”

This project is an ideal demonstration of making the real digital world. As HDS captures the most current and accurate situation, professionals can then implement that data into software programs, such as Leica Cyclone or Autodesk Recap, to produce the realistic workable models. Exact adaptions can then be made so that when work is carried out on site, intelligent information is clear and error-free.

“HDS技术提供了工具和工作flows needed to accurately and definitively cap-ture digital assets in minutes.” said Faheem Khan, vice president, business development manager for Leica Geosystems HDS. “Being able to capture, manage and deliver information and knowledge to all stakeholders underpins our strategy to provide the fastest, cleanest and most reliable hardware as well as a software portfolio that scales for all project sizes, disciplines and users.”