将废墟转换为3D型号

作者:Reka Vasszi

Heliopolis, the City of the Sun was inscribed in 1984 as an UNESCO World Heritage site. This ancient Roman city, today called Baalbek, in the Beqaa Valley in Lebanon has a complex of temples that is an outstanding example of ancient Roman architecture. The Temple of Bacchus, in the sanctuary complex of Baalbek, is among the largest, best preserved and most impressive of its kind.

To数字文档and preserve the majesty of the Temple of Bacchus for further generations, master students of the Surveying Engineering Department at the Lebanese International University捕获了3d的寺庙。

“我们使用了一种新的自动数字3D陆地激光扫描技术来创建Bacchus神庙的3D模型。使用Leica Scanstation P30enabled us to effectively and quickly capture the temple and develop 3D models that can be used for renovation and Virtual Reality (VR) applications,” said Professor Mohammad Abboud from the Lebanese International University.

识别历史层

The Temple of Bacchus, built between 150 to 200 A.D, is the architectural manifestation of the myths and legends surrounding the god of wine, joy, drama and fertility. The Roman God Bacchus was the personification of the blessings of nature, which is gorgeously sculptured on the walls of the ancient temple.

From the 12th to 14th century, the sanctuary complex, including the Temple of Bacchus, was combined and converted into a large castle that became part of Baalbek's medieval fortification. Although subsequent layers of building helped to preserve the antique architecture, distinguishing the stages of this built-environment is a challenge.考古学家对现代技术进行了复​​杂的分析，以重建古城and identify the different historical layers and materials that make up the ancient Roman settlement under the later medieval additions.

Despite the continuous reconstruction of the ancient city, the Temple of Bacchus suffered from theft, war and earthquakes through the centuries. An earthquake in 1759 greatly damaged the structure of the temple. Since the ancient Roman city is located in an area prone to earthquakes, it is important to monitor the structures and identify the possible movements to ensure the safety of visitors and preserve the temple.

Creating digital databases for heritage

黎巴嫩国际大学的测量工程专业的学生进行的激光扫描被证明是一种准确有效的解决方案，可以在有限的时间内收集精确数据，并允许研究人员以独特的方式向公众介绍考古学 -通过3D模型和交互式数字应用。

The team captured a point cloud using theLeica Scanstation P30。然后，工程专业的学生与Leica一起处理了办公室的数据CycloneREGISTER 360 3D point cloud processing software to register and clean the data from which a surface mesh was extracted. The point clouds provided valuable metric data to produce a detailed 3D model of the Temple of Bacchus.

In addition to thelaser scanning，收集更多详细信息，aerial photogrammetrywas used to capture panoramic photos of the Temple of Bacchus and its surroundings.

With the help of geometric analysis, terrain modelling, photogrammetry, and 3D laser scanning, the traditional research methods of archaeologists and building researchers is supplemented with precise digital information.

比较传统和现代技术

传统方法（例如GPS设备）更耗时，并且不会在3D中捕获信息。传统的2D绘图在描述3D空间中的几何形状的确切位置时受到限制，并且通常呈现出空间的理想，而不是现实。bob apple总站是可靠的，能够收集3D数据，但是，缺乏支持3D可视化的点密度。

Reconstruction of archaeological sites, however, requires the density of data that laser scanning can provide.3D data documentation can leverage traditional survey techniquesto ensure data accuracy and accurate global positioning. This data lends itself to Building Information Modelling (BIM) and other visualisation techniques to创建一个复杂的数字数据库，该数据库是未来修复或重建的基础of the Temple of Bacchus if needed.

3D scanning the past for the future

遗产保存是一个连续的过程， 那includes documentation, analysis, monitoring, restoration and protection。我们的文化遗产珍宝，例如巴克斯神庙，脆弱并且容易受到环境和人类危害的影响。数字化建筑环境的这些雄伟的例子可以用来保存原始地点，并创建原始环境的存在a digital record of the site that can be accessed long into the future。