在伦敦心脏地面上方和下方监视

作者：Matthias Gropp

The exponential growth in cities has an impact in transportation infrastructure – tunnels, railways and bridges are used more extensively than ever before. With this increased demand and an aging infrastructure, smarter traffic management and maintenance regimes to minimise transport disruption and manage safety risks is critical. It is important to monitor the impact of any maintenance or construction works to ensure any movement remains within expected and acceptable limits.

The required monitoring output information can come from a wide range of manual and automated survey and sensor methodologies. This is where a professional full-service surveying and monitoring company, like Murphy Surveys, comes into play. As one of the leading surveying and monitoring firms in the United Kingdom and Ireland, the company offers a wide range of services – from aerial LiDAR survey to underground radar and monitoring of structures using geodetic, wireless geotechnical and structural sensors.

墨菲调查使用Leica Geosystems解决方案创建了一个弹性传感器网络提供可靠的处理数据，以监视影响地下隧道，资产和建筑物的任何变化和变形，该区域围绕着伦敦内城的一个重大开发项目的影响区域内。

Creating a sensor network

The Regent’s Park Development project in the heart of London involves the demolishing of buildings, and the excavation and the construction of new buildings. The zone of influence for the unloading – due to excavation and later loading when constructing the new buildings – extends over半径约80米。包含的区域包括1级和2级列出的历史建筑，伦敦地下隧道和电源变电站资产。

Murphy Surveys' dedicated monitoring department uses a mix of optical and sensor monitoring equipment including robotic total stations, MultiStations and GeoMos Monitoring Solution, among other sensors, to监视影响影响区域的任何变化。The monitoring configuration provides continuous automatic monitoring of above and underground structures to generate two types of reports:

1. A report analysing the above ground movement of buildings and other technical assets, such as a power supply transformer station or medical equipment in a nearby surgery, and;
2. A ground movement report monitoring the tunnel of the Jubilee Line North and Southbound tunnels as well as the Metropolitan Line tunnel that passes underneath the demolishing site.

The two monitoring processes ran continuously and, more importantly, prevented people from being sent to a hazardous area, reducing cost, risk and increasing safety.

The power of combined technologies

Murphy Surveys combined multiple geotechnical and optical monitoring technologies in a sensor network in the overall scheme:

1. Leica MS60多阶for laser monitoring of facades;
2. 伦敦地下隧道的无线倾斜度仪，用于稳定变形，收敛和纵向定居点监控
3. Automatic vibration, noise and dust monitoring;
4. 警报功能使用Leica Geomos监视解决方案, allowing all project stakeholders to have access to the monitoring data base with different set permission levels to view or modify reports and receive alarm messages;
5. The integration of all data into Leica GeoMos, an off-the-shelf software to provide the client with all the monitoring data within one software and web interface.

为了监视这个伦敦内城项目的多个建筑物，墨菲调查使用了三个MS60多源在通用控制点上几何连接，并连接到Leica Combox5，以通过Internet宽带向Geomos Servers广播监视数据。

大都会线双轨砖隧道正在通过自动控制的MS60多稳态读数进行监控，并在轨道反射器和激光扫描数据中进行监测。这两条禧年线隧道配备了250个通过光纤电缆连接的250个Senceive无线倾斜传感器，以将数据广播到Internet和Geomos。

This innovative approach awarded Murphy Surveys in March 2015 to win the competitive tender process to monitor the above and below ground assets, as well as the environmental monitoring, for London’s Regent’s Park project.

An inclusive monitoring system

Geomos软件是收集，验证，处理和交付所有数据的平台。

“GeoMos allows us to observe and record parameters of building and ground movement, deformation of railway track and London Underground tunnel segments. GeoMos recorded all monitoring data from a variety of sensor sources, such as 3D reflector data, manual levelling and inclinometre data, Senceive’s wireless tilt sensors data, and laser scan data,”said Andrew Masters, technical manager at Murphy Surveys.

Leica GeoMos 6.0 automatically analyses laser scan point clouds for deformation analysis. The output is a colour coded point cloud where the colour indicates the size of the deformation on a colour scale, making easier to find deformation areas across a monitored surface.

“We suggested certain refinements on the software to Leica Geosystems' development team, which now allow us to separate longitudinal, lateral and height deviations, as well as single data points to automatically calculate the longitudinal settlement and ovalisation deformation of the tunnel lining,”said Masters.

Beyond the geometrical monitoring, the team of surveyors also collects data from various environmental sensors on site, such as dust, vibration and noise sensors that run their own alarming routines but accumulate in the weekly data report within the GeoMos web interface. The use of GeomosNow provides an integrated data interface to the client’s engineers. The software narrows down the real-time data flow running through thousands of sensor channels to asimplified clear report。

“The new technology streams laser scan data from the ATS to the GeoMos software in real time. The new algorithm processes automatically the monitoring surfaces and compares them to a baseline survey,”said Masters.“Movement exceeding the set parametres triggers automatically laser scan monitoring. This continuous live communication and data exchange from site to office, provided by our reliable equipment, eliminates delays and costly site revisits.”

战略选择合作伙伴

Murphy Surveys has carried out thousands of surveying and monitoring projects over three decades using Leica Geosystems solutions. Although needs vary considerably by project, detailed, precise and timely data is always required. For the monitoring of the Regent’s Park Development project the challenge was to provide the right mix of laser scanning techniques, topographic surveying and monitoring solutions to deliver precise and reliable data in a timely manner while minimising any disruptions and increasing safety.

“We concentrate on the quality of our staff and innovation. For this reason, we choose suppliers and partners that match the requirements for quality, innovation and cost effectiveness over the short, medium and long term. Collaboration with Leica Geosystems and sensor specialists like Senceive enables us to provide an innovative and flexible service for our clients,”Murphy Surveys董事总经理Kai Duebbert解释说。

“对于一个大型的全球制造商来说，Leica Geosystems表现出极大的灵活性，例如，在我们对如何自定义软件例程以及解决现场新的本地挑战的想法方面迅速做出反应。这种支持对于提供最合适的解决方案至关重要，并为客户提供安慰，只与一个服务合作伙伴打交道，以应对他的所有调查，BIM和监视要求，”得出的主人。