Modelling for monitoring – When millimetres matter

作者：Renata BarradasGutiérrez

Hydroelectric plants harness the power of flowing water; the most extensively exploited renewable energy resource. Our daily activities and economies depend on a constant supply of electricity; hence, monitoring displacements and deformations to prevent problems related with structural failure, cracks or ageing material in hydroelectric plants is of vital importance.

Pumped storage hydroelectric plants are one of the various ways of extracting energy from water. The biggest hydropower energy sources in Lithuania are the Kaunas Hydropower Plant and the Kruonis Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Plant (KPSHP). The KPSHP is a pillar for the Lithuanian energy system that has been successfully supplying energy to homes and businesses for more than 20 years. Located close to the city of Kaunas, this state-of-the-art energy facility is the one of the biggest plants of its type in the Baltic region.

这家900兆瓦的水电厂旨在通过调节电压，频率和负载波动来产生电力，平衡消耗，并在紧急情况下补偿能源缺乏。According to Lietuvos Energijos Gamyba, the KPSHP covers 6 per cent of Lithuania’s total electricity demand and is capable of ensuring 94 per cent of the total necessary energy reserves for Lithuania in case of emergency – a deformation in its structure can be fatal to Europe’s Baltic state energy system.

---

Going high tech for dam monitoring

监控KPSHP, UAB SmartOffice考察了海德拉巴roelectric plant using the Leica Nova MS60 MultiStation to collect measurements and a point cloud of the structure. The 3D data collected allowed UAB SmartOffice to analyse the surface and calculate the verticality of the hydroelectric plant. The model generated with the point cloud will also serve as a reference for future scanning that will monitor the current conditions and deformation of the dam.

“Scanning with Leica Nova MS60 MultiStation has brought more results than expected. Besides 3D scanning up to 1,000 metres, the main benefits were time saving, accuracy and simplicity,” said Jonas Varnas, general manager at UAB SmartOffice. “Using the MS60 was as simple as a routine using a TPS but combining the precision of TPS measurements and 3D scanning into one system.”

With the MS60 MultiStation, complex sites can be surveyed with overlaid measured points and 3D models in one view, allowing users to perform verticality and deformation checks to identify damage and defects in a more reliable, quicker and complete way. The 3D scan capability of the self-learning MultiStation helps users expand their portfolio of offered services, being able to be used for:

• 施工监测
• 质量检验
• 冲突检测
• 建造的建筑信息建模（BIM）

The KPSHP was monitored by geotechnical sensors, so no geodetic equipment was used. In comparison to other sensor technologies where deformation information is limited to few points, the MS60 MultiStation provides the ability to measure a dense amount of points and provide the measurement of displacements in relation to millions of points with overlaid TPS measurements.

---

检查和比较表面

使Kruonis植物与众不同的原因是它在需求低时期或作为传统的水力发电厂在白天提供正常能源需求的传统水力发电厂的能力。

大坝上部储层的这些水位变化可能会导致变形。因此，KPSHP当局有兴趣分析大坝的表面和垂直性，以变形识别位置，并将扫描模型与理想模型进行比较。

3D Reshaper是用于使用Point Clouds的测量师的重要软件，允许UAB SmartOffice以毫米精度测量，检查和比较表面，以显示偏差信息。从点云生成的建模表面提供了现实的准确表示，以检测整个结构的形状变化。

“3D Reshaper allowed us to do the best shape export, analyse the surfaces with several integrated tools, and permitted our client to inspect surfaces in a very clear way – exactly what our customer was looking for,” said Varnas.

---

监视matters

In dam monitoring, millimetre precision is required. The consequences of structural deformations in these structures go beyond multimillion costs. Consequently, deformations should be discovered and monitored in a timely manner to ensure a safe operation and usage, and cost-effective construction and management.