Transforming ruins to 3D models

Author:河Vasszi

赫利奥波利斯（Heliopolis），太阳之城于1984年被铭刻为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。今天在黎巴嫩的Beqaa山谷中，这个古罗马城市，如今称为Baalbek，有一群寺庙，是古罗马建筑的杰出例子。Baalbek庇护所的Bacchus庙是最大，保存最佳，最令人印象深刻的人之一。

到数字文档and preserve the majesty of the Temple of Bacchus for further generations, master students of the Surveying Engineering Department at the Lebanese International Universitycaptured the temple in 3D。

“We used a new automatic digital 3D terrestrial laser scanning technique to create a 3D model of the Temple of Bacchus. Using theLeica ScanStation P30黎巴嫩国际大学的穆罕默德·阿布德（Mohammad Abboud）说：“使我们能够有效，迅速捕获寺庙并开发可用于翻新和虚拟现实（VR）应用的3D模型。”

识别历史层

酒神巴克斯的神庙,建于150年到200年。D, is the architectural manifestation of the myths and legends surrounding the god of wine, joy, drama and fertility. The Roman God Bacchus was the personification of the blessings of nature, which is gorgeously sculptured on the walls of the ancient temple.

From the 12th to 14th century, the sanctuary complex, including the Temple of Bacchus, was combined and converted into a large castle that became part of Baalbek's medieval fortification. Although subsequent layers of building helped to preserve the antique architecture, distinguishing the stages of this built-environment is a challenge.Archaeologists conduct a complex analysis with modern technology to reconstruct the ancient city并确定在后来的中世纪增加下构成古罗马定居点的不同历史层和材料。

Despite the continuous reconstruction of the ancient city, the Temple of Bacchus suffered from theft, war and earthquakes through the centuries. An earthquake in 1759 greatly damaged the structure of the temple. Since the ancient Roman city is located in an area prone to earthquakes, it is important to monitor the structures and identify the possible movements to ensure the safety of visitors and preserve the temple.

Creating digital databases for heritage

黎巴嫩国际大学的测量工程专业的学生进行的激光扫描被证明是一种准确有效的解决方案，可以在有限的时间内收集精确数据，并允许研究人员以独特的方式向公众介绍考古学 -through 3D models and interactive digital applications。

The team captured a point cloud using theLeica ScanStation P30。The engineering students then processed the data in the office with Leica气旋REGISTER 360 3D point cloud processing software to register and clean the data from which a surface mesh was extracted. The point clouds provided valuable metric data to produce a detailed 3D model of the Temple of Bacchus.

In addition to the激光扫描，收集更多详细信息，aerial photogrammetrywas used to capture panoramic photos of the Temple of Bacchus and its surroundings.

With the help of geometric analysis, terrain modelling, photogrammetry, and 3D laser scanning, the traditional research methods of archaeologists and building researchers is supplemented with precise digital information.

比较传统和现代技术

传统方法（例如GPS设备）更耗时，并且不会在3D中捕获信息。传统的2D绘图在描述3D空间中的几何形状的确切位置时受到限制，并且通常呈现出空间的理想，而不是现实。bob apple总站是可靠的，能够收集3D数据，但是，缺乏支持3D可视化的点密度。

Reconstruction of archaeological sites, however, requires the density of data that laser scanning can provide.3D data documentation can leverage traditional survey techniques确保数据的准确性和准确的全球定位。该数据使自己建立信息建模（BIM）和其他可视化技术创建一个复杂的数字数据库，该数据库是未来修复或重建的基础of the Temple of Bacchus if needed.

3D扫描未来的过去

遗产保存是一个连续的过程， 那包括文档，分析，监视，恢复和保护。Our cultural heritage treasures, like the Temple of Bacchus, are fragile and vulnerable to environmental and human hazards. Digitising these majestic examples of the built environment can be used to preserve the original site as it exists today and createa digital record of the site that can be accessed long into the future。