结合了快速形态调查的测深量和激光雷达数据

案例分析

作者:Sam Pfeifle

As it arrives at the state line separating Washington from Idaho, the Snake River forks, one tine flowing to the south as the Snake along the border, the other heading due east as the beginning of the Clearwater. Anyone traveling east on a boat would quickly encounter the Clearwater Memorial Bridge, a roughly 228-metre-long bridge dedicated to veterans of WWII.

这座桥开业于1951年春季,被联邦政府指定为十多年前,主要是因为养活了它的道路,这些道路不再适合每天处理桥梁的交通。

2019年3月,即建造建造近70年后,爱达荷州交通运输部委托了一对工程公司,对桥梁及周边地区进行了完整的地形调查,作为一个多年项目的一部分,以取代其和周围的道路,以确保几代人的安全有效运输。

这项工作首先恐怖工程师,在整个美国西部设有15个办事处,其中包括爱达荷州的三个办事处。Horrocks的校长和调查经理Lonnie Olson说,收集桥梁和周围道路的调查数据是其移动地图部门的标准工作,但该项目还要求为河底和桥梁子结构提供测深数据。

奥尔森说:“他们想看看桥桩周围的冲刷。”“他们正在寻找的途径之一是保持子结构和大部分桥梁本身。”

He knew that adding multibeam sonar data to the mobile mapping cloud data would give the resulting topo consistent, fine-grained, accurate data from the river bottom on up, but there was a problem: Horrocks doesn’t have a multibeam sonar unit.

奥尔森说:“在犹他州,我们没有任何大河流,大多数湖泊不需要太多的测深数据。”“我们通常只是做单束声纳,这不是我们在这里想要的。”

幸运的是Spicer Group有一个用于这种桥梁尺寸分析和液压建模的多光束单元。更好的是,Spicer的声纳船还装有Leica Pegasus:两个mobile sensor platform for its above- and below-waterline mobile mapping, the same mobile scanning platform Horrocks invested in 18 months prior for its roadway mapping.

Olson decided to reach out to Spicer project surveyor Nathan Shepherd and combine forces on the job—the first time he’d ever subcontracted out to another surveying team.


一天完成



恐怖将驱动桥梁和周围的道路。Spicer会驱车河流以将所有东西放在水线,河岸和桥梁的下面。然后,他们将数据拼接在一起,提取平面计算学以创建表面模型和地形调查。

Because the Pegasus is a sensor platform capable of ingesting data from multiple sources, the multibeam and lidar information could be integrated into a single point cloud.

牧羊人说:“飞马座的山被螺栓固定在船上。

Shepherd解释说,虽然Pegasus的LiDar单元只需在桥下和河岸沿着河岸的一个来回抓住一切,但Multibeam更像是割草。该团队在多束中需要40或50次通过,以获取河流的底部以及所有清除率高和液压研究所需的数据。

尽管如此,一切都在一天之内完成。

总而言之,大约花了三天的时间来建立工作的完整控制网络,然后在现场准备和进行实际扫描四天,总共在现场进行了7天 - 与传统方法相比,大量节省了时间。

“Ten years ago,” said Olson, “you would have had to cross-section every 50 feet with a robotic total station and shoot in some key points of the structure, and you’d have to spend probably three to four weeks onsite doing control and collection.”

至于水下工作,“您可能每250英尺一次横截面,也许是单束声纳的总测量,然后是一个模型,” Shepherd说。“而且他们将无法获得搜查。没有办法知道这一点。他们本来不得不将潜水员送到视觉上看它。

因此,大约有三分之一的时间,” Shepherd总结说,“而且我不知道数据多了几百倍。”

更好?奥尔森说:“当我将所有这些都放在一起时,我们的云层排成一排,而Spicer和我们的上下数据之间的精度不足。您再也找不到任何其他方法。您可以实现它,但成本将是指数级的。”


Mobile Mapping’s Back-office Effect



您可能已经听过恐怖故事:“移动映射创建了很多数据,以至于无法管理!”“当您要做的就是驾驶扫描仪时,谁需要一个调查团队?”

当然,搬进移动映射的确需要后台调整,但是如果您为他们做准备并为您的员工提供培训,它们应该相对易于管理。

Horrocks工程师已经进行了激光扫描大约八年了,但大约18个月前就购买了Mobile Scanning,购买了Pegasus:Hexagon一部分Leica Geosystems的两个平台。bob体育报道Horrocks的校长和调查经理Lonnie Olson说,这绝对影响了他的劳动力。

他说:“我们的一些现场工作人员在室内过渡。”“而且我有一支由前高级CAD技术组成的团队,我们已经训练过进行调查工作。我们已经能够在内部完成大多数后处理工作。”

They also recruited recent graduates from local geomatics programs and started training them as soon as they were on board to work with mobile point-cloud data.

“Now we have a team of five people,” Olson said, “who do nothing but extract data from point clouds all day, every day.”

Leica Geosystems’ Jason Ellis said Horrocks’ experience is typical, and the movement of field staff into the back office should be seen as a smart move and not a conciliation.

埃利斯说:“从现场到办公室的连续性始终是一个挑战。”“很难传达现场所做的事情以及如何处理。”

By having experienced field staff cross-trained into experts at working with the data, you have people who can intuit what the field staffers were trying to accomplish as they sort out the important data.

同样,埃利斯说,让在现场操作扫描仪的人也能够使用该软件,这可能非常有帮助。

“I see a lot of people doing post-processing in the field so they know they’re good and can pack everything up or know they need to rescan if they’ve had an issue,” he said. “A lot of field people are starting to take on the role of analysis, and that’s a good thing. You’ve got sharper people in the field who can be that much more productive.”

交叉训练还有助于填补地理空间专业的劳动差距。埃利斯说:“很难找到好人,因此,如果在该领域进行集合的团队可以管理大多数后处理,并达到可以认证的地步,这有助于保持项目的良好状态。”

至于这项技术,奥尔森说,无需对此强调。只要确保您拥有很多多端的USB驱动器,这些驱动器现在非常便宜,并且在硬件上也不便宜。

“您的标准CAD机器可以很好地处理这些东西,”奥尔森说。“该软件现在开始赶上。您真的不需要太多才能开始。很简单。即使您的基本笔记本电脑也可以处理。当然,您需要一台体面的计算机,但我们是一家工程公司,所以我们还是拥有它们。”


A Seamless Workflow



在Pegasus Manager中完成的所有后处理后,工作流程对于将数据集组合起来很简单。运行两辆车的团队都能够实时检查数据和图像以进行覆盖范围,然后使用轨迹调整模块将所有数据汇总在一起并限制调查控制。Pegasus软件使用自动化功能提取和其他自动化功能来使后处理快速有效。

从那里开始,Horrocks能够将微观的文件和TopoDot文件传递到爱达荷州。(软件出口到所有通用行业标准格式。)

奥尔森说:“为了解决所有这些数据,四人组成的团队大约需要一周半的时间来提取完整​​的调查。”“它比几年前快得多。”

Leica Geosystems’ Jason Ellis provided technical support on the job, as he’s been doing for survey teams for decades. Even he was impressed by the speed of collection in this case.



Thanks to their complementary expertise, expectation management and good communication, the two engineering firms partnered for success. Given strong communication ahead of time and relatively smooth operations, the teams were able to combine bathymetry and lidar data without a headache.

A full version of this article was published inXYHT杂志in Oct. 2019.

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