创新的验证
Case study
作者：Yoshie Katagiri
In 2018, the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT) publicly invited bids for a ‘Project to Introduce and Utilise Innovative Technology to Dramatically Improve Productivity on Construction Sites’ under its i-Construction initiative aiming to boost productivity on construction sites as part of a wider innovation strategy. Kanatsu Giken formed a consortium of four companies with Fukui Computer Co., Ltd., Leica Geosystems Co., Ltd., and Sanyo Sokki Co., Ltd., and tendered for the project. The consortium was selected in the category of ‘Techniques Using Data to Improve the Productivity of Construction in Civil Engineering Work.’
The objective of the four-company consortium was to conduct 3D laser scanning on concrete structures, such as bridge abutments and piers, and use the acquired point cloud data for as-built verification to dramatically improve the productivity of construction sites. In addition, they trialled and proposed a new method of progress management using the differences between the captured point cloud data and the coordinate values of the 3D design data (CIM).
Kanatsu Giken使用了Leica GeosystemsLeica Nova MS60多阶段, an instrument capable of 3D laser scanning with the surveying functions of a conventional total station.
“当前的近期验证方法是耗时的和劳动力密集的，因为大部分差异和分析都是手动进行的。我们首先购买Nova MS60的原因是要使这些任务减少劳动力密集。购买后不久，我们发现了MLIT项目。我们集中了这四家公司可用的专业知识，并提出了一种使用点和表面的特定方法进行建筑管理方法。这也有可能在验证该项目时能够使高生产率提高，因此我们为该项目招标了，”描述了Kanatsu Giken土木工程部信息技术小组的团队负责人Yoshinobu Kimura。
The consortium conducted field measurements and data analysis at five sites and based on the results, compiled and submitted recommendations to MLIT. In 2019, MLIT announced their evaluations of all submitted projects – this consortium won an ‘A’ rating, the highest evaluation.
通过测量地位桩和3D设计数据（蓝线）获得的点云数据之间的比较
平面（粗糙度）对点云数据的比较评估，通过测量与3D设计数据的地位桩的构建
通过测量基平台和设计数据（蓝线）获得的点云数据之间的比较
平面（粗糙度）通过测量与3D设计数据的基础构建获得的点云数据的比较评估
通过常规技术，总共需要三个人（一对进行测量和摄影师）来测量现场堆的铸造堆。
With the trial techniques, one person can operate the Nova MS60 to perform measurement and photography。试验技术将测量铸件桩的测量所需的工时减少了一半以上。
基础是具有减震功能的钢筋混凝土基础。倒角时，读取准确的角点可能是一个问题。
Manhours for measurement work halved
对于码头，由于要求在高度和狭窄的空间中进行测量，使用3D点云数据进行平面评估非常有用。
该试验是在日本Ohguni高架桥外部和下部的两个桥梁基台上和两个桥梁的施工过程中进行的测量和验证。试验的结果分为现场桩，基础和住房。
为了能够有效地对整个顶部进行准确进行准确的验证，这是试验技术的巨大优势之一。
“与传统方法,当我们测量the standard height of the top of the pile, we used a stepladder or something similar to climb over the reinforcements that protrude from the pile and had a surveyor stand in the centre. The pile diameters were measured by teams of two, taking measurements in two directions - one along the axis of the bridge, and the other, perpendicular to this. This work was repeated again and again until all the piles were measured. Another worker was needed to take photos of the as-built verification process.
使用Nova MS60，您可以从钢筋外部进行测量。验船师不再需要成对工作以用胶带测量测量桩芯和桩直径，然后计算中心点，因为以后可以通过数据分析准确地确定这些中心点，”explains Kimura.
多阶段将测量工作所需的经费减少到不到一半。工人的停机时间从传统技术的83.3个小时减少到37.27小时。
In addition, because the data captured by the Nova MS60 is uploaded to the point cloud processing system for the as-built measurements, there is no need to take photos for as-built verification separately. This also eliminated the time involved in organising the photos after the work on site.
基础是放置在铸件堆桩顶部的钢筋混凝土的基础。在审判中，脚手架被证明是一个障碍。码头坐在立足点上并支撑桥接的上层建筑。
对于码头和立足点，脚手架被证明是障碍，必须经常移动乐器。尽管如此，与基础的11个持久时间相比，试验任务花费了8.5次，而30.9次的持续时间与传统技术进行的40次Manours相比。
通过测量码头的完成形状和设计数据（蓝线）获得的点云数据的比较
平面（粗糙度）通过测量码头对3D设计数据的测量来获得的点云数据的比较评估
“For footings and piers, we only managed a manhour reduction of around 20 per cent. But in cases where there are many structures to measure, even 20 per cent represents a substantial saving. Also, if 3D laser scanning is established as a standard process, construction sites will devise workflows for building and removing scaffolding so that measurements can be performed efficiently, and this should reduce manhours even further,”says Kimura.
点云数据的使用提高了生产率提高了准确性并提高了安全性
这种使用Point Cloud Data进行暂停验证的创新方法具有无数的潜在优势，包括更高的生产率，更高的准确性和提高的安全性。此外：
•可以由单个工人进行实施的测量。
•一旦捕获数据，就可以测量任意坐标之间的尺寸或在任何位置查看横截面。
•不再需要拍摄并组织验证照片。
• Being able to calculate XYZ axes deviations is unprecedented and has the potential to increase the precision for maintenance and management.
Even after the construction has progressed and the piles and footings are buried underground and invisible, the status of these invisible structures can be accurately gauged and carefully managed in the future. Keeping a detailed record of the construction process improves safety and reliability and can be expected to reduce the incidence of major accidents.
此外，应用的机会可能会扩大。潜在用途包括将捕获的数据上传到CIM，以处理和组合上述技术与VR（虚拟现实），AR（增强现实）和MR（混合现实）技术以及可穿戴的终端，从而改变了建筑工作的性质。
立即查看叠加在点云数据上的3D设计数据
与3D设计数据（CIM）合并了整个结构的占用点云数据。
易用性，一个总站的熟悉操作接口与高性能电动机驱动器相结合，用于高速旋转和反转以及高激光扫描速度，从而带来了完全的用户满意度。
“The greatest benefit of the Nova MS60 is that you can view 3D design data superimposed on point cloud data in real time – you simply look at the screen on the Nova MS60 on-site and see the differences immediately. If a reading is not within the standard value range, either the measurement position or something else is wrong. And so, by checking against the 3D design data as you work, you can verify the as-built without mistakes,”explains Kimura.
Kanatsu Giken进行了该试验项目，主题是“充分利用现场技术”，并将工程师和建筑工地汇总在一起，以追求创新。
“在这项审判中，我们只是将提案付诸实践，表明还有另一种做事的方法。随着由于从参与到全面采用I构建的转变而导致的需求变化，我们将继续采用灵活的思维和创造力，以提高建筑工地的生产力，并使站点成为更具吸引力的工作场所，”总结是基穆拉。
