在板降低风险中：商业建筑中的3D激光扫描案例

Author: Bjorn (Bernie) Bernhardt，RM调查建筑和HDS主任。

Bjorn是激光扫描和BIM技术的领导者，在基础设施和商业建筑项目（例如新珀斯体育场）方面拥有丰富的经验。他是倡导空间技术调查解决方案的行业和大学的主题演讲者。

RM调查is an Australian firm providing end-to-end survey solutions for commercial, resource and residential industries.

Over the 25 years of servicing the construction industry, RM Surveys have noticed slab deformation is a common issue with little to no documentation. Slab deformation causes non-compliant floor levels resulting in unexpected problems during fit-out and final form. Such cases can result in budget issues, delays and can lead to critical structural deformation issues that deem buildings unsafe.

There are several reasons why slab deformation can arise, but the documentation to understand why and mitigate the risk is incomplete or inaccurate. To address this problem, RM Surveys uses a four-stage process to reduce the risk for structural deformation, specifically slab issues. Using 3D laser scanning RM Surveys document a slab pre-pour, post-pour and post prop and tension. The deliverable is a report showing the differential of levelness and flatness to design. Currently, structural documentation is generally only practised post-pour of a typical concrete pour. A surveyor would document the post concrete pour for Pour Compliance to confirm level and flatness. But we must ask, how much money could be saved and risk reduced if we started our projects with better and more accurate data?

整个建筑中缺乏持续的文档可能会使建筑商和分包商接触到：

• 对设计变化的风险影响
• Variation costs during fit-out and final form
• Project delays
• 客户关系分解
• No documented evidence of structural deformation

A better way to manage structural deformation risk

激光扫描使建筑行业的利益相关者能够从每个阶段从表面和结构中收集信息，并确定建筑过程中可能出现的任何潜在问题。通过在项目的早期阶段发现冲突和问题（甚至在建造工作开始之前）可以避免时间表延迟，并在开始施工之前提出解决方案，从而大大降低返工的成本。

RM调查首选的激光扫描仪是Leica RTC360 laser scannerdue to being highly portable and its design for maximum productivity on a building construction site with a measuring rate of up to 2 million points per second, advanced HDR imaging system and the creation of coloured 3D point clouds. Solutions that they worked on:

阶段1前混凝土倒
激光扫描用于捕获混凝土倒入。RM调查可以使用扫描的数据来证明这些资产根据工程图的存在，从一开始就提供了资产的完整文档。

第2阶段混凝土后倒文档

The team capture the finished form directly post pour to ensure the pour was compliant with the design. The documentation provides millimetre-accurate data that can be shown in highly detailed and informative reports.

第3阶段的强调和邮政文件文档

一旦平板达到了力量目标，完成后张紧后完成了所有临时支撑，将再次捕获平板。这表明结构的真实变形。

与设计相比，报告再次是一次。与平板中的偏差相关的是上下文的工程元素，例如张力后电缆。

Stage 4 Documentation

阶段2和3的比较突出了倒入后形式和最终形式之间的结构形式的差异，包括挠度，收缩和膨胀。

带有激光扫描仪捕获的完整图片显示，两次混凝土倒入阶段的倒入后张力，托架后张力和差异。

数据驱动的决定

When all four stages are laser scanned and documented, structural deformation risk can be mitigated, even prevented by having complete data from the start. The importance of this documentation is particularly evident for high rise buildings as decisions on whether engineering needs to be modified can be done at the time of the first slab.

拥有此类数据的另一个好处是在未来的发展和管理建筑物的生命周期方面进行设施管理。无论是升级现有设施，更改其预期用途，还是简单地保持对当前状态的认识，都可以在设施的一生中维护准确的伪造模型。

最终，使用激光扫描使设施管理变得更加容易 - 使建筑所有者对其设施有了全面的看法，并为他们提供了全面的数据来做出决策。